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2022-11-16: Are there Undiscovered Elements Beyond The Periodic Table?

  • 20:10: ... you know that’s another solution to the Fermi paradox - that the first civilization became cosmic ...
  • 20:32: Of course it’s exactly this thinking that gets you the dark forest solution to the Fermi Paradox.

2022-09-14: Could the Higgs Boson Lead Us to Dark Matter?

  • 13:30: NordVPN is a cybersecurity tool that offers you a VPN solution for computer and mobile devices.

2022-08-24: What Makes The Strong Force Strong?

  • 04:22: The only solution is that there must be some other property making them different, and that property must have three different possible values.

2022-07-20: What If We Live in a Superdeterministic Universe?

  • 11:26: Others, like Sabine Hosenfelder, argue that superdeterminism is actually the cleanest solution to the EPR paradox.

2022-06-15: Can Wormholes Solve The Black Hole Information Paradox?

  • 06:54: ... “west-coast” teams,   used some of the insights of the AdS/CFT solution, but they don’t depend on its significant assumptions of ...

2022-05-18: What If the Galactic Habitable Zone LIMITS Intelligent Life?

  • 01:07: ... which of course we’ve talked about  before. But one possible solution is that the Sun   and its planetary system are really quite ...

2022-05-04: Space DOES NOT Expand Everywhere

  • 11:22: ... radiation at the event horizon of a black hole. Its solution takes us to the realm of the holographic principle, and so we can’t go ...

2022-04-20: Does the Universe Create Itself?

  • 01:59: ... possible for separate observers to share a single, consistent reality? Solutions to this seeming paradox spanned the spectrum. For example, the Hungarian ...

2022-03-30: Could The Universe Be Inside A Black Hole?

  • 06:05: It’s a white hole, and it’s a valid a solution to the Einstein equations.
  • 07:06: Now the white hole was “discovered” by messing around with the coordinates of the OG black hole solution by Karl Schwarzschild.
  • 08:56: But the Oppenheimer-Snyder solution gave our first insights into black hole formation.

2022-03-23: Where Is The Center of The Universe?

  • 11:18: ... that Alexander Friedman came up with his solution for the shape of the universe by assuming that matter and energy are ...
  • 11:49: One of the alternative solutions was discovered by Georges Lemaitre, the L in the FLRW metric.
  • 12:02: He sought solutions to the Einstein equation for a universe that is lumpy on the largest scales.
  • 12:09: ... one of his solutions, matter was distributed with constant density across a spherically ...

2022-02-16: Is The Wave Function The Building Block of Reality?

  • 05:09: ... is a linear equation - which just means that if you add together solutions to this equation, the result is also a solution to the equation. This is ...

2022-01-19: How To Build The Universe in a Computer

  • 03:28: ... 3-body problem doesn’t have an analytical  solution - no simple master equations - which is why Holmberg had to solve  ...

2022-01-12: How To Simulate The Universe With DFT

  • 02:10: ... box or in a hydrogen atom, the different possible values of E that form solutions to this equation define the energy levels of the ...
  • 05:39: ... in quantum mechanics often means finding a solution to a problem that’s much simpler than the one you’re actually ...
  • 07:25: An equation is separable if the solution along one axis - in one dimension - doesn’t depend on the solutions on any other axis.
  • 09:41: And through a very mysterious quality of the quantum world, it's possible to map that fake solution to real answers.
  • 12:37: ... key is understanding that the final solution must be self-consistent - basically, it has to obey the Schrodinger ...

2021-12-10: 2021 End of Year AMA!

  • 00:02: ... kubiari um miguel a kubiary mexican physicist found this metric in a solution to einstein's equations that that that produces a field which is ...

2021-11-17: Are Black Holes Actually Fuzzballs?

  • 04:07: While we’ve covered these black hole paradoxes before, and have even hinted at possible solutions - we’ve never actually solved them.

2021-11-02: Is ACTION The Most Fundamental Property in Physics?

  • 00:02: ... millennium and a half following Heron for Pierre de Fermat to propose a solution for the case of refraction: what if light didn’t travel the path of ...

2021-10-05: Why Magnetic Monopoles SHOULD Exist

  • 11:05: The hedgehog solution was figured out in 1974, simultaneously by Gerard t’Hooft and Alexander Polyakov.

2021-06-23: How Quantum Entanglement Creates Entropy

  • 00:27: ... ingredient in solving the   black hole information paradox—a solution that may one day unite quantum physics with ...

2021-05-11: How To Know If It's Aliens

  • 00:24: ... living microbes. In one of these, samples were injected with a nutrient solution laced with radioactive carbon. The idea of this labeled release ...

2021-04-21: The NEW Warp Drive Possibilities

  • 01:34: ... Trek in the 60s - and Star Trek inspired the very first real warp field solution to the Einstein field ...
  • 01:54: ... then the warp field solution looked like a very rigorous, carefully calculated work of pure fiction - ...
  • 03:29: It’s a sp acetime geometry that is a valid solution to the equations general theory of relativity. The Einstein Field Equation.
  • 03:54: The Alcubierre warp field may be a valid solution to the Einstein field equations, but that doesn’t mean it’s physically possible.
  • 06:51: These guys propose a general definition for warp fields not tied to a particular solution to the Einstein field equations.
  • 07:11: Bobrick and Martire is that no past warp solution has in-built mode of acceleration.
  • 08:14: But this acceleration isn’t actually derived from his warp field solution.
  • 09:11: Lentz claims to have found an actual superluminal warp field solution that does NOT require the impossible negative energy densities.
  • 09:19: He does this by exploring a broader family of solutions to the Einstein field equations than previous studies.

2021-02-10: How Does Gravity Warp the Flow of Time?

  • 07:07: This seems paradoxical, but the solution is the same as it is for the twin paradox from our previous episode.

2021-01-19: Can We Break the Universe?

  • 09:12: The solution to the ladder paradox also relies on the relativity of simultaneity.

2020-10-27: How The Penrose Singularity Theorem Predicts The End of Space Time

  • 01:58: ... all, Schwarzschild’s solution  didn’t say anything about HOW   a clump of matter could reach ...
  • 03:18: ... a   ring - but it was a singularity nonetheless. The Kerr solution was still highly symmetrical,   so the same old arguments held ...

2020-10-05: Venus May Have Life!

  • 14:02: ... last week we talked about post-quantum cryptography - possible solutions to the impending cryptography-cracking powers of quantum computers that ...

2020-08-10: Theory of Everything Controversies: Livestream

  • 00:00: ... a hard problem it's a it's a well-defined problem there has to be a solution to that now and as lee said um that that was one of the starting ...

2020-07-28: What is a Theory of Everything: Livestream

  • 00:00: ... seriously the idea that the that quantum gravity has more than one solution corresponding to some sort of uniform space with stuff in it then ...

2020-05-27: Does Gravity Require Extra Dimensions?

  • 06:25: ... never detected these extra dimensions, they seem a promising potential solution to unifying gravity with the other forces - and in the process ...

2020-05-18: Mapping the Multiverse

  • 09:49: Now we saw that in the Schwarzschild solution, a white hole exists in the past of a purely hypothetical eternal non-rotating black hole.

2020-05-04: How We Know The Universe is Ancient

  • 16:15: ... can write down a solution to the Einstein equations in which the wormhole throat is short, and it ...

2020-04-22: Will Wormholes Allow Fast Interstellar Travel?

  • 00:23: ... 1915, Karl Schwarzschild discovered a solution to Einstein’s brand new equations of general relativity - a solution ...
  • 00:42: ... systems, the gravitational hole described by the Schwarzschild solution was not a dead end. Rather it was a two-sided funnel. But leading where? ...
  • 01:09: ... Einstein and Rosen imagined two regions described by the Schwarzschild solution not as parallel universes, but rather as overlapping layers of the same ...
  • 03:14: ... this classic depiction of the wormhole described by the Schwarzschild solution. ...
  • 06:35: ... Schwarzschild solution really represents two things - it accurately describes a non-rotating ...
  • 07:52: ... that would keep the throat of the wormhole open. But all of their solutions required a type of matter that simply may not exist. They needed a ...

2020-03-31: What’s On The Other Side Of A Black Hole?

  • 05:49: ... full extent, we get what we call a maximally extended Schwarzschild solution - and it reveals strange new regions on the Penrose ...

2020-03-24: How Black Holes Spin Space Time

  • 01:01: ... real black holes are particularly well described by Schwarzschild’s solution. That’s because the Schwarzschild black hole has no rotation. But all ...
  • 02:56: ... relativity is hard, and the spherical symmetry in the Schwarzschild solution eliminated a lot of complexity. Without that simplification the algebra ...
  • 03:27: ... we’re going to look at what the Kerr solution can tell us about the spacetime outside a rotating black hole. We’ll ...

2020-02-11: Are Axions Dark Matter?

  • 03:35: One of the a proposed solutions to the strong CP problem is going to give us the axion.
  • 05:16: ... fine tuning. In 1977 Roberto Peccei and Helen Quinn proposed another solution: what if theta isn’t a constant, but can change in value, both over space ...
  • 06:32: ... the way, there is actually another solution to the strong CP problem its's that if any of the quarks are massless, ...

2020-02-03: Are there Infinite Versions of You?

  • 12:29: Ilavenya rightly points out that no nice analytical solutions to the 3-body problem exist in general relativity - Einstein's modern theory of gravity.
  • 12:40: The solutions only exist in special cases for Newtonian gravity.
  • 12:45: ... - forget three bodies, general relativity gives no perfect analytical solutions for TWO bodies in orbit around each ...
  • 13:09: ... said, approximate solutions work very well in some cases - for example if one of the masses is much ...
  • 13:24: Jordan Miller suggests that the Euler and Lagrange solutions to the three body problem are just 2 body solutions in disguise.
  • 13:49: ... is undisturbed, and in that case Jordan is correct. It's a two body solution. ...

2020-01-20: Solving the Three Body Problem

  • 00:00: ... it's been solved many times, and in ingenious ways. Some of those solutions are incredibly useful, and some are incredibly ...
  • 00:20: ... simple. Despite the beauty of Newton’s equations, they lead to a simple solution for planetary motion in only one case - when two and only two bodies ...
  • 01:10: ... cases all motion becomes fundamentally chaotic - there exists no simple solution. This is the three-body problem, and we’ve been trying to solve it for ...
  • 01:24: ... does it mean to find a solution to the three-body problem? Newton’s laws of motion and his law of ...
  • 02:06: ... the case of two gravitating bodies, the solutions to Newton’s laws are just the equations for the path traveled by the ...
  • 02:39: ... after the Principia was published many sought simple, analytic solutions for more complex systems, with systems of three gravitating bodies being ...
  • 02:55: ... for many great mathematicians - but over the following three centuries, solutions have been found for very few specialized cases. Why? Well, in the late ...
  • 03:57: ... because the three body problem for the most part has no useful analytic solution, approximate solutions can be found. For example, if the bodies are far ...
  • 05:01: ... approximate solutions are useful, but ultimately fail to predict perfectly. Even the smallest ...
  • 05:25: ... the absence of an analytic solution doesn’t mean the absence of any solution. To get an accurate prediction ...
  • 06:20: ... the formation and evolution of entire galaxies. But these numerical solutions didn’t begin with the invention artificial computers. Before that, these ...
  • 06:43: ... limitations of approximate solutions, the laboriousness of pre-computer numerical integration, and also the ...
  • 07:56: ... after Euler and Lagrange because to discover new specialized three-body solutions, we had to search the vast space of possible orbits using computers. The ...
  • 08:46: ... of these periodic solutions are incredibly complex, but Montgomery came up with a fascinating way to ...
  • 09:25: ... collapsed triangle - the 3-bodies are in a straight line, as in Euler’s solutions. The poles are equilateral triangles - so, Lagrange’s solutions. All ...
  • 10:05: ... known - although it should be noted that besides the Euler and Lagrange solutions, none of these are likely to occur in ...
  • 12:00: ... Poincare stern proclamation, Finnish mathematician Karl Sundman found a solution to the general three-body ...

2019-11-04: Why We Might Be Alone in the Universe

  • 03:19: Now, we’ve talked about the Fermi Paradox before, and some potential solutions.
  • 03:35: ... solution to the Fermi paradox is often expressed in terms of one or more great ...
  • 12:03: The Fermi paradox surely has a solution, and that solution may be that the galaxy is as empty as it looks.

2019-10-21: Is Time Travel Impossible?

  • 07:05: One example is the Tipler cylinder, conceived by Frank Tipler based on a solution to the Einstein equations by Willem van Stockum.
  • 08:06: So it turns out that it’s not so hard to find solutions in general relativity with closed timelike curves.

2019-08-06: What Caused the Big Bang?

  • 12:12: ... in cosmology and it also inspired other physicists to find even better solutions, mostly by changing the nature of the in flattened field so that allows a ...

2019-07-15: The Quantum Internet

  • 09:27: ... have of course come up with a number of ingenious solutions, ranging from storing entangled photon quantum states in a cloud of ...

2019-07-01: Thorium and the Future of Nuclear Energy

  • 02:49: ... volcanic activity or eventual crushing by Ice Age glaciers A possible solution to this nightmare waste disposal issue is to try to burn all of the ...

2019-05-01: The Real Science of the EHT Black Hole

  • 10:33: ... then when black holes emerged from Karl Schwarzschild’s solution to the Einstein equations, they seemed like a deep abstraction – a ...

2019-04-10: The Holographic Universe Explained

  • 02:47: Nice solution, but new paradox.

2019-03-20: Is Dark Energy Getting Stronger?

2019-03-13: Will You Travel to Space?

  • 05:46: [MATT] Let's take a look at what humanity's first private spacecraft looks like, and why it might be the solution to affordable space access.

2019-03-06: The Impossibility of Perpetual Motion Machines

  • 11:48: I’m also going to post some of the best solutions to this challenge on Instagram – check ‘em out at matt_of_earth.

2019-01-09: Are Dark Matter And Dark Energy The Same?

  • 02:47: That’s the solution to the Einstein equations that tells you the rate of acceleration of the expansion of the universe.
  • 09:31: ... fact that sinusoidal solution is only valid for the bit of the sine wave where the universe is ...

2018-12-12: Quantum Physics in a Mirror Universe

  • 00:02: ... broke conservation of parity violation of parity conservation was the solution to the tell theta problem suggested by Yi and Liang in 1956 and for ...

2018-09-20: Quantum Gravity and the Hardest Problem in Physics

  • 01:35: I'll save the solutions for future episodes.
  • 03:50: But that same Hawking radiation offers part of the solution to the information paradox.
  • 04:07: In a sense, both the source and the solution to the information paradox came from the discover of Hawking radiation.
  • 16:08: ... is skeptical about the 't Hooft solution to the black hole information paradox and cautions that we don't neglect ...

2018-09-05: The Black Hole Entropy Enigma

  • 05:19: But if you paid attention to the whole information paradox bit, you might be able to think of a solution.
  • 10:16: But the real importance of this work wasn't the solution to some obscure conundrum.

2018-08-01: How Close To The Sun Can Humanity Get?

  • 10:55: And they had a simple, obvious solution.
  • 11:03: ... the Maxwell's demon conundrum, doesn't necessarily mean that the solution isn't ...

2018-06-20: The Black Hole Information Paradox

  • 01:13: And the quest for its solution may have completely overturned our understanding of the fundamental nature of the universe.
  • 05:21: One of the early solutions is the most outlandish but was strongly supported by Hawking.
  • 05:49: This solution to the paradox has been attributed to Freeman Dyson, who was championed by Hawking for many years.
  • 08:40: The solution began with physicist Gerard 't Hooft.
  • 11:05: We'll have to come back to this also and to the proposed solution, the black-hole firewall.

2018-06-13: What Survives Inside A Black Hole?

  • 10:54: The solution to the information paradox is highly speculative, but it may reveal that black holes are more hairy than we thought.

2018-05-23: Why Quantum Information is Never Destroyed

  • 12:49: ... he was surprised to learn that she had already worked out most of the solution but had put it by the wayside for more important ...

2018-04-18: Using Stars to See Gravitational Waves

  • 01:24: Researchers are spending lots of brainpower trying to come up with new and creative solutions to explain this anomaly.

2018-03-28: The Andromeda-Milky Way Collision

  • 11:18: Your solutions were exactly correct.

2018-03-21: Scientists Have Detected the First Stars

  • 01:01: We'll follow that, with the solution to our recent Trebuchet Challenge question.

2018-01-31: Kronos: Devourer Of Worlds

  • 08:47: Mark Jeninga has a simpler solution.

2018-01-24: The End of the Habitable Zone

  • 06:12: However, there is not yet a consensus on the exact solution to this paradox.
  • 06:18: Whatever the solution, life has found a way to exist on Earth for at least 3 and 1/2 billion years.

2017-12-06: Understanding the Uncertainty Principle with Quantum Fourier Series

  • 06:09: The solution to the Schrodinger equation that contains all of the information about a quantum system.

2017-11-02: The Vacuum Catastrophe

  • 08:34: A proposed solution is the anthropic one.

2017-08-16: Extraterrestrial Superstorms

  • 11:50: Last week, we talked about John Archibald Wheeler's one electron universe idea as well as gave the solution to the Feynman diagram challenge.

2017-08-10: The One-Electron Universe

  • 09:13: ... the fundamental nature of anti-matter, let's go back and look at the solution to the Feynman diagram challenge ...

2017-07-12: Solving the Impossible in Quantum Field Theory

  • 05:53: With infinite possible interactions behind this one simple process, a perfectly complete quantum field theoretic solution is impossible.

2017-07-07: Feynman's Infinite Quantum Paths

  • 08:37: But Feynman's solution produced a quantum mechanics that didn't need fixing.

2017-06-28: The First Quantum Field Theory

  • 07:06: Paul Dirac's solution was to not try to track the changing states of individual photons.
  • 13:50: ... points out, the resulting Klein Gordon equation gives negative energy solutions just like the Dirac equation does, but Schrodinger didn't know how to ...

2017-06-21: Anti-Matter and Quantum Relativity

  • 09:13: Paul Dirac's negative energy solutions describe anti-matter, not holes in the Dirac sea.
  • 10:06: They are two sides of the same coin, positive and negative energy solutions of the same type of vibration in the electron field.

2017-04-05: Telescopes on the Moon

  • 02:58: Even clever solutions like the upcoming James Webb Space Telescope's folding mirrors still have a limit.
  • 09:03: ... we can meet its distant challenges with creative solutions, perhaps the moon will become the Earth's lookout tower, granting the ...

2017-03-29: How Time Becomes Space Inside a Black Hole

  • 02:56: This comes from Karl Schwarzschild's solution to the Einstein field equations, the very first accurate description of a black hole.

2017-01-19: The Phantom Singularity

  • 11:19: Actually, Einstein's theory and the Schwarzschild solution that is derived from it suggests it must exist.

2017-01-04: How to See Black Holes + Kugelblitz Challenge Answer

  • 05:21: We become aware of the problem and develop two possible solutions.

2016-12-21: Have They Seen Us?

  • 13:08: I want to give a very special shout-out to Luna IT Solutions, who are sponsoring us at the quasar level.

2016-12-08: What Happens at the Event Horizon?

  • 10:47: ... complete mathematical solution for a Schwarzschild black hole has two additional regions, one ...
  • 18:08: ... was a simplified version of what was to be a much more intricate double solution theory in which the so-called particle was actually a matter wave itself ...
  • 18:34: ... Broglie never completed his full double solution theory, but did work on it intermittently throughout his life and was ...

2016-09-29: Life on Europa?

  • 11:50: ... a couple of others point out that John Stewart Bell had another possible solution to this whole seeming paradox-- that is super ...

2016-09-14: Self-Replicating Robots and Galactic Domination

  • 11:33: ... Cobra60six would maybe like us to talk about more doable energy solutions like thorium power ...
  • 11:57: But there are several solutions, and safer nuclear power-- maybe thorium-- could be an answer.
  • 12:03: But even solar power stations at Earth's surface will soon be a viable solution for most of our current energy needs.

2016-09-07: Is There a Fifth Fundamental Force? + Quantum Eraser Answer

  • 03:59: OK, on to the solution to the quantum eraser challenge.

2016-08-10: How the Quantum Eraser Rewrites the Past

  • 09:15: In fact, the solution may lie in this fascinating phenomenon of quantum entanglement.

2016-07-20: The Future of Gravitational Waves

  • 00:09: That's what I'm going to do now and following that, I'll get to the solution to the nuclear physics challenge question.

2016-06-08: New Fundamental Particle Discovered?? + Challenge Winners!

  • 04:39: OK Time for the solution to the dark energy challenge question.
  • 12:36: The solutions to both parts of the question are linked in the description.

2016-06-01: Is Quantum Tunneling Faster than Light?

  • 10:47: ... that episode we'll also be giving the solution to the dark energy challenge question, as well as telling you about some ...

2016-05-11: The Cosmic Conspiracy of Dark Energy Challenge Question

  • 06:20: Feel free to propose any solutions you come up with for this apparent cosmological coincidence.

2016-05-04: Will Starshot's Insterstellar Journey Succeed?

  • 02:51: The solution is lasers.
  • 02:54: The solution is so often lasers.

2016-02-17: Planet X Discovered?? + Challenge Winners!

  • 01:31: ... ran the exhaustive computer simulations and found a single compelling solution, a very, very distant giant planet, with a mass well over 10 times that ...

2015-11-25: 100 Years of Relativity + Challenge Winners!

  • 00:03: Today we have a solution to our killer asteroid challenge episode, but before we get to that there's something very special about today.

2015-11-11: Challenge: Can you save Earth from a Killer Asteroid?

  • 02:41: We'll select five random correct answers to receive PBS Digital Studios t-shirts, and I'll have the solution for you in a couple of weeks.

2015-10-28: Is The Alcubierre Warp Drive Possible?

  • 00:45: ... mathematical language of Einstein's theory of general relativity, a real solution to the equations of GR that would actually allow faster than light ...
  • 02:16: But if you're cheeky, you can actually just make up a solution to the equations of GR without starting with a real mass/energy distribution.
  • 04:46: ... are some proposed solutions, one of which is to lay down the external negative energy conditions ...
  • 05:46: ... that we're just making up solutions to the Einstein equations, we could even shrink down the warp bubble ...

2015-08-27: Watch THIS! (New Host + Challenge Winners)

  • 01:55: So you can see a complete algebraic solution, and I encourage you to look at it by going down to this link, which is also down in the description.
  • 02:02: But a lot of you did submit algebraically correct complete solutions, from which we selected five randomly to win a T-shirt.
  • 05:00: Some of you might be daunted by the general relativity solution.
  • 05:05: But remember, the Newtonian solution is also there.

2015-08-12: Challenge: Which Particle Wins This Race?

  • 05:45: We'll announce the solution in two weeks' time.

2015-06-17: How to Signal Aliens

  • 01:27: ... they suggested that the optimal solution would be a phased array of many radio telescopes sending narrow pulses ...

2015-04-29: What's the Most Realistic Artificial Gravity in Sci-Fi?

  • 01:16: And no, for technical reason, I don't think dark energy would be a solution to this problem.

2015-03-25: Cosmic Microwave Background Explained

  • 06:00: ... the solution is to have two flywheels, both with forward-pointing angular momentum ...
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