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	2022-12-14: How Can Matter Be BOTH Liquid AND Gas? 00:27: ... fact, there are planets in our solar system completely covered with this stuff, and you’ve often been the ... 14:17: But the supercritical layer is an integral part of the structure of the biggest planets in the solar system.
	2022-12-08: How Are Quasiparticles Different From Particles? 01:00: In semiconductors that make up transistors, diodes, and solar cells the pushing around of a quasiparticle is equally important. 01:44: ... to a higher energy state - say, by thermal vibrations or in the case of solar cells by a photon, at which point the electron is free to move from atom ... 04:23: And these p-n junctions also drive solar cells, LEDs, and transistors. 01:00: In semiconductors that make up transistors, diodes, and solar cells the pushing around of a quasiparticle is equally important. 01:44: ... to a higher energy state - say, by thermal vibrations or in the case of solar cells by a photon, at which point the electron is free to move from atom to ... 04:23: And these p-n junctions also drive solar cells, LEDs, and transistors.
	2022-11-09: What If Humanity Is Among The First Spacefaring Civilizations? 08:27: This can cause erratic climates and make any potential inhabitants vulnerable to solar flares.
	2022-10-26: Why Did Quantum Entanglement Win the Nobel Prize in Physics? 16:01: Let’s start with the solar gravitational lens. 16:44: ... also, it may be possible to  use the solar sails themselves,   the ones that propelled these craft to ... 16:01: Let’s start with the solar gravitational lens. 16:44: ... also, it may be possible to  use the solar sails themselves,   the ones that propelled these craft to their ...
	2022-10-12: The REAL Possibility of Mapping Alien Planets! 01:25: ... called.   For some reasons scientists went with  SGLF - solar gravitational lens focal   region - missed opportunity if you ... 06:05: ... accelerate a ship by   catching the momentum of the wind, solar sails catch the momentum of light - of photons from   the ... 07:45: ... space agency sent the IKAROS   probe to Venus using a 20 meter solar sail, and plenty more solar sails missions are in the ... 09:31: ... the craft on a trajectory   that will take them out of the solar system and towards our first image of an ... 10:07: ... due to the wobble of the Sun as its tugged by the planets of our solar system.   Our telescope is going to execute this ... 15:45: ... cool   after you. Well, assuming that the whole  solar gravitational lens thing pans out,   we’re going to have ... 01:25: ... called.   For some reasons scientists went with  SGLF - solar gravitational lens focal   region - missed opportunity if you ask me. But if ... 15:45: ... cool   after you. Well, assuming that the whole  solar gravitational lens thing pans out,   we’re going to have countless ... 01:25: ... called.   For some reasons scientists went with  SGLF - solar gravitational lens focal   region - missed opportunity if you ask me. But if we ... 15:45: ... cool   after you. Well, assuming that the whole  solar gravitational lens thing pans out,   we’re going to have countless ... 07:45: ... space agency sent the IKAROS   probe to Venus using a 20 meter solar sail, and plenty more solar sails missions are in the design   ... 06:05: ... weighed down by their own fuel supply. But   a solar sailing vessel doesn’t carry fuel, making them great options for long-range ... 07:45: ... probe to Venus using a 20 meter solar sail, and plenty more solar sails missions are in the design   phase. But getting to 550 ... 06:05: ... accelerate a ship by   catching the momentum of the wind, solar sails catch the momentum of light - of photons from   the Sun. More ... 09:31: ... the craft on a trajectory   that will take them out of the solar system and towards our first image of an ... 10:07: ... due to the wobble of the Sun as its tugged by the planets of our solar system.   Our telescope is going to execute this shifting pirouette as it ... 09:31: ... and set their sails   squarely against that intense up-close solar radiation. That propels the craft on a trajectory   that will take them ... 06:05: ... in a long train,   each riding on the light of the sun with a solar sail. That second seems the preferred option, and   it’s alway way ... 00:03: ... turns it into a   gigantic lens. What could such a  solar-system-sized telescope see?   Pretty much anything. But definitely it ...
	2022-09-21: Science of the James Webb Telescope Explained! 05:09: ... also let’s us see the atmospheres of planets in other solar systems, which is an important step towards finding other life out there ...
	2022-08-17: What If Dark Energy is a New Quantum Field? 03:33: ... where there’s even a smattering of regular matter - like inside our solar system, or even inside our galaxy. But if you include the vast voids ...
	2022-06-22: Is Interstellar Travel Impossible? 00:01: But is it so deadly that we’re effectively imprisoned in our solar system forever? 01:39: So today we’re going to explore this question - is humanity doomed to spend the rest of our species’ lifespan huddled in our own solar system? 02:05: ... fastest spacecraft we’ve ever built - that’s the 163 km/s of the Parker solar probe - over 7000 years to reach Proxima, if it were even going in the ... 02:35: ... Starshot program proposes to send a train of tiny craft powered by solar sails, which would be accelerated to 20% light speed by a giant array of ... 05:12: So do we not even make it out of our solar system? 05:18: These sort of micrometeorites are somewhat common within the solar system - leftovers from the formation of the planetary system. 05:31: Fortunately, micrometeoroid abundance drops dramatically as we leave the solar system. 05:35: ... maybe we punch straight up out of the solar system to avoid the much higher density of junk in the ecliptic plane - ... 02:05: ... fastest spacecraft we’ve ever built - that’s the 163 km/s of the Parker solar probe - over 7000 years to reach Proxima, if it were even going in the right ... 02:35: ... Starshot program proposes to send a train of tiny craft powered by solar sails, which would be accelerated to 20% light speed by a giant array of lasers ...
	2022-05-25: The Evolution of the Modern Milky Way Galaxy 11:10: ... passes even happens to line up  with the formation of our sun and solar system   4.5 billion years ago. Now, we’re not saying ... 12:11: ... Way   themselves, the entire stream may be 10 billion  solar masses due to the enormous amount of dark   matter it ... 11:10: ... passes even happens to line up  with the formation of our sun and solar system   4.5 billion years ago. Now, we’re not saying the  Sagittarius Dwarf ...
	2022-05-18: What If the Galactic Habitable Zone LIMITS Intelligent Life? 00:00: ... solar system is a tiny bubble of habitability  suspended in a vast ... 02:52: ... of these cultures cast their solar deities  in myths that explained real natural ... 09:08: ... know that having a Jupiter-like  planet or two in the outer solar system   can be useful in protecting the  inner system ... 09:26: ... have led to frequent close encounters between  systems. In our solar system, such encounters   disturb our Oort cloud, sending ... 14:14: ... influence  on humanity. Be sure to watch our   Solar mythology episode, which features a  visit from Matt to explain ... 02:52: ... of these cultures cast their solar deities  in myths that explained real natural phenomena,   like the ... 14:14: ... influence  on humanity. Be sure to watch our   Solar mythology episode, which features a  visit from Matt to explain nuclear ... 09:08: ... know that having a Jupiter-like  planet or two in the outer solar system   can be useful in protecting the  inner system from infalling ... 11:12: ... formation history, our  starting intuition seems right: the Sun and solar   system are NOT special as far as our galaxy goes.  But now that we ...
	2022-05-04: Space DOES NOT Expand Everywhere 00:52: ... If space  is expanding everywhere,  is it expanding inside the solar system, inside you? And what does it even mean for space to be ...
	2022-03-08: Is the Proxima System Our Best Hope For Another Earth? 02:47: So it was named Proxima Centauri, or just Proxima - our solar system’s true nearest neighbour.
	2022-01-19: How To Build The Universe in a Computer 04:26: For simulating a solar system,  this method is pretty reasonable.
	2022-01-12: How To Simulate The Universe With DFT 00:10: Would it be: a solar system, a planet, a cat? 01:28: In fact you need more particles than exist in the solar system to store the wavefunction of the electrons in a single iron atom. 04:06: ... grid, you’d need to store more numbers than there are particles in the solar ... 15:07: The assumption in this calculation is that the black hole came from interstellar space and fell into the solar system. 15:14: The minimum velocity it could have on reaching the Earth is the solar system’s escape velocity at Earth’s orbit, or around 42 km/s. 15:49: Either way, it’ll still have solar system escape velocity after the passage through the earth and we would never see it again. 15:14: The minimum velocity it could have on reaching the Earth is the solar system’s escape velocity at Earth’s orbit, or around 42 km/s. 12:33: Without taking, like, the entire age of the universe and a solar-system sized computer.
	2021-12-29: How to Find ALIEN Dyson Spheres 00:44: ... current energy needs by covering a tiny fraction of Earth’s surface with solar cells. And we should probably do that by the ... 00:56: Not by covering the entire Earth, but by building solar collectors in space. 01:00: ... - a billion times more than what we’d get just covering the planet in solar ... 01:16: The idea of wrapping the sun in solar collectors is not new. 02:01: ... craft, either in orbit around the star or kiting in place on the solar ... 02:38: Earth’s biosphere is already a pretty good planet-scale solar collector. 02:42: If you were to observe Earth from a distant solar system, you might notice that it looks strangely dark. 00:44: ... current energy needs by covering a tiny fraction of Earth’s surface with solar cells. And we should probably do that by the ... 01:00: ... - a billion times more than what we’d get just covering the planet in solar cells. ... 02:38: Earth’s biosphere is already a pretty good planet-scale solar collector. 00:56: Not by covering the entire Earth, but by building solar collectors in space. 01:16: The idea of wrapping the sun in solar collectors is not new. 02:01: ... craft, either in orbit around the star or kiting in place on the solar wind. ...
	2021-12-20: What Happens If A Black Hole Hits Earth? 00:29: ... the chance of one coming close enough to cause serious trouble in our solar system is tiny. However there is one scenario which could allow for ... 04:01: ... that there's probably about 10^18 kilograms of dark matter in the solar system at any given time. If that dark matter is tiny black holes then ...
	2021-12-10: 2021 End of Year AMA! 00:02: ... nothing fundamentally stopping us from expanding and becoming into solar species but my my gut instinct is that if it's possible and if the ...
	2021-11-17: Are Black Holes Actually Fuzzballs? 15:25: Earnest was also a part of the Apollo XI mission, working in the Air Force in Colorado tracking and predicting solar radiation bursts.
	2021-11-10: What If Our Understanding of Gravity Is Wrong? 09:53: ... acted like Newtonian mechanics on solar system scales, like MOND on galactic scales, and like regular general ...
	2021-08-03: How An Extreme New Star Could Change All Cosmology 08:05: ... for some time that the absolute maximum mass for a white dwarf is 1.44 solar masses - the Chandrasekhar ... 10:37: ... happen when a stellar remnant exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit of 1.44 solar masses - absolute collapse for massive stellar cores or absolute ... 08:05: ... for some time that the absolute maximum mass for a white dwarf is 1.44 solar masses - the Chandrasekhar ... 10:37: ... happen when a stellar remnant exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit of 1.44 solar masses - absolute collapse for massive stellar cores or absolute explosion for ... 08:05: ... for some time that the absolute maximum mass for a white dwarf is 1.44 solar masses - the Chandrasekhar ... 10:37: ... happen when a stellar remnant exceeds the Chandrasekhar limit of 1.44 solar masses - absolute collapse for massive stellar cores or absolute explosion for ...
	2021-07-21: How Magnetism Shapes The Universe 03:23: ... some of those field lines connect to this greater magnetic field of the solar system - and even of the ... 03:38: Now I don’t want to spend too much time in the solar system - greater magnetic wonders lie beyond. 04:29: ... reconnect, and in the process spray that magnetic field out into the solar system - carrying high energy particles with ... 04:39: These coronal mass ejections join the solar wind. 04:43: Follow one of these magnetic blasts and you’ll spiral through the solar system on a giangantic magnetic tornado. 05:36: ... IBEX mission, which used a sort of solar wind sonar - it mapped how bursts of solar wind material were reflected ... 04:39: These coronal mass ejections join the solar wind. 05:36: ... IBEX mission, which used a sort of solar wind sonar - it mapped how bursts of solar wind material were reflected back ...
	2021-06-09: Are We Running Out of Space Above Earth? 04:31: ... the amount of drag can change - in particular, during times of high solar activity when more energy is pumped into the atmosphere, causing it to ... 06:10: During a maximum of solar activity when our atmosphere extends further out, the lowest satellites need to be boosted every 2-3 weeks. 04:31: ... the amount of drag can change - in particular, during times of high solar activity when more energy is pumped into the atmosphere, causing it to puff up ... 06:10: During a maximum of solar activity when our atmosphere extends further out, the lowest satellites need to be boosted every 2-3 weeks.
	2021-05-11: How To Know If It's Aliens 01:55: ... rather continue with our quest to find evidence of primitive life in our solar system. The Viking mission’s labeled release experiment sure looked like ... 03:08: ... look as some of the other hints in our solar system. Still on Martian life, what ever happened to that supposed ... 06:27: ... example of this is ‘Oumuamua - that weird object that flew through our solar system a few years back. ‘Oumuamua appeared as a very faint, pulsing, ...
	2021-04-13: What If Dark Matter Is Just Black Holes? 00:00: ... there are billions of microscopic black holes streaming through the solar system, the planet, even our bodies every ... 09:46: ... galaxy, but there’s an intermediate mass range from tens to thousands of solar masses that could still be abundant throughout the Milky ... 10:01: ... galaxies are so small and dense that even black holes with tens of solar masses should have trickled to the center by now, and in the process ... 10:11: ... than 4% of the dark matter could be black holes of tens to thousands of solar ... 09:46: ... galaxy, but there’s an intermediate mass range from tens to thousands of solar masses that could still be abundant throughout the Milky ... 10:01: ... galaxies are so small and dense that even black holes with tens of solar masses should have trickled to the center by now, and in the process flung less ... 10:11: ... than 4% of the dark matter could be black holes of tens to thousands of solar masses. ...
	2021-03-16: The NEW Crisis in Cosmology 02:07: ... ladder. First you measure   distances to objects in the solar system - then use those to measure distances to nearby ...
	2021-03-09: How Does Gravity Affect Light? 11:35: And Einstein’s deflection angle was famously verified by Sir Arthur Eddington, who voyaged to the west coast of Africa to watch a solar eclipse.
	2021-02-17: Gravitational Wave Background Discovered? 00:00: ... waves must also exist waves whose single oscillations span the solar system or even the distance to the nearest stars such gravitational ...
	2021-01-12: What Happens During a Quantum Jump? 03:40: ... long dead theory about the motion of the planets in an Earth-centered solar ...
	2020-12-15: The Supernova At The End of Time 00:10: ... plural, because many very final-seeming fates await the Earth, then solar system, then galaxy, and ultimately the ... 10:50: ... limit could become unstable if it’s mass is greater than 1.16 solar ... 11:28: And the remnants of our solar system get to see all of this - our Sun stays a black dwarf - probably of crystalized iron - through all of this. 10:50: ... limit could become unstable if it’s mass is greater than 1.16 solar masses. ...
	2020-12-08: Why Do You Remember The Past But Not The Future? 02:40: ... particles of dust from a past supernova found each other in the forming solar system and built up into grains then tiny rocks then a ball of different ...
	2020-10-13: Do the Past and Future Exist? 15:19: Or maybe life did only spawn once in our solar system and then spread.
	2020-10-05: Venus May Have Life! 00:00: ... you rank the most habitable places in our solar system Venus lands pretty low, with surface temperatures hot enough to ... 01:20: But for the longest time Venus was thought to be among the LEAST habitable places in the solar system. 01:55: To the outer solar system - Mars, Enceladus and Europa in particular, and ultimately to planets around other stars. 04:31: ... - more as a control to help guide their studies of planets beyond our solar system, but not really expecting to see anything so close to ... 12:02: However it may be time to refocus our solar system explorations. 13:33: ... bake a nice apple pie and send to welcome our Venusian neighbors to the solar system - or at least into our awareness of their existence in the solar ...
	2020-09-28: Solving Quantum Cryptography 14:52: ... - cosmic necklaces can be locked into the magnetic fields within the solar plasma so they don’t fall apart ... 16:59: No Copernican revolution for them, where they realised they weren’t the center of the solar system after all. 14:52: ... - cosmic necklaces can be locked into the magnetic fields within the solar plasma so they don’t fall apart ...
	2020-09-21: Could Life Evolve Inside Stars? 00:08: There’s Stanislaw Lem’s sentient ocean in Solaris, or the neutron star civilization made of nuclear matter in Robert L Forward’s Dragon’s Egg.
	2020-09-01: How Do We Know What Stars Are Made Of? 01:43: ... the great astrophysicist Sir Arthur Eddington, who recounted his recent solar eclipse expedition in which he verified Einstein’s new general theory of ...
	2020-07-28: What is a Theory of Everything: Livestream 00:00: ... in an era when we might not ever be able to build that that you know solar system-sized accelerator or even an accelerator bigger than the you ...
	2020-07-20: The Boundary Between Black Holes & Neutron Stars 01:22: Its companion was puny by comparison - a mere 2.6 solar masses. 02:44: ... masses of the merging objects were figured figured out as 23.2 and 2.59 solar masses - and we’ll get back to why those are ... 08:34: We’ve estimated a maximum neutron star mass of between 2.2 to 2.4 solar masses. 08:53: Most pulsars are closer to the minimum neutron star mass of around 1.4 solar masses. 09:06: All of these numbers are quite a bit lower the 2.6 solar masses of this new guy. 10:36: A black hole with 2.6 solar masses is difficult to explain. 11:53: It’s a brand new 2.6 solar mass black hole. 12:11: It should arrive at your doorstep in the next few million years, sadly destroying the solar system in the process. 11:53: It’s a brand new 2.6 solar mass black hole. 01:22: Its companion was puny by comparison - a mere 2.6 solar masses. 02:44: ... masses of the merging objects were figured figured out as 23.2 and 2.59 solar masses - and we’ll get back to why those are ... 08:34: We’ve estimated a maximum neutron star mass of between 2.2 to 2.4 solar masses. 08:53: Most pulsars are closer to the minimum neutron star mass of around 1.4 solar masses. 09:06: All of these numbers are quite a bit lower the 2.6 solar masses of this new guy. 10:36: A black hole with 2.6 solar masses is difficult to explain. 02:44: ... masses of the merging objects were figured figured out as 23.2 and 2.59 solar masses - and we’ll get back to why those are ...
	2020-06-08: Can Viruses Travel Between Planets? 07:51: In fact it would be surprising if there were not quite a lot of viral and other microbial material riding the solar wind into interstellar space. 08:13: This is lithopanspermia, and again - virus-ridden rocks have definitely left the Earth before, and probably impacted other bodies in our solar system. 08:32: ... rocks from worlds beyond our solar system are possible, but those viruses would need to remain viable for ... 07:51: In fact it would be surprising if there were not quite a lot of viral and other microbial material riding the solar wind into interstellar space.
	2020-05-18: Mapping the Multiverse 15:19: ... solar system is moving at 368 km/s relative to the rest-frame of the cosmic ...
	2020-04-28: Space Time Livestream: Ask Matt Anything 00:00: ... we rarely turn it on because it's a little bit scary here we have a solar telescope yes this is a six centimeter aperture solar telescope its ...
	2020-04-14: Was the Milky Way a Quasar? 08:42: ... the Fermi Bubbles, Sag A* would have needed to devour - a single 50 solar mass star that happened to wander too ...
	2020-04-07: How We Know The Earth Is Ancient 04:32: ... and Galileo that earth was just one planet among several in our solar system. Astronomers now swear by the Copernican principle - Earth is not ... 11:02: ... the Earth - both coallescing after a giant planetary impact in the early solar system. Now the moon is tectonically inactive, so rocks on its surface ... 11:55: ... jibes with our measure for the age of solar system. Nearly 4.6 billion years - we get the same number from ...
	2020-02-11: Are Axions Dark Matter? 08:58: ... half of the heavy lifting? Well that's precisely what the CERN Axion Solar Telescope (CAST) in Switzerland does. If axions exist then they should ...
	2020-01-20: Solving the Three Body Problem 00:20: ... Given the current positions and velocities of the bodies of the solar system, Newton’s equations could be used in principle be used to ... 04:12: ... example, each planet of our solar system can be thought of as a separate two-body system with the Sun. ... 05:01: ... perfectly. Even the smallest planetary bodies have some mass, and the solar system as a whole has many massive constituents. The Sun, Jupiter and ...
	2020-01-13: How To Capture Black Holes 00:00: ... of a quasar, where they merge and grow like some monstrous version of a solar system. This insane hypothesis is getting closer to reality, at least ...
	2019-12-17: Do Black Holes Create New Universes? 10:14: So, if this universe is optimized for black hole production then there should be no neutron stars more massive than 2 solar masses. 10:24: Well, the most massive known neutron star is 2.17 solar masses, discovered just this year. 10:14: So, if this universe is optimized for black hole production then there should be no neutron stars more massive than 2 solar masses. 10:24: Well, the most massive known neutron star is 2.17 solar masses, discovered just this year.
	2019-11-18: Can You Observe a Typical Universe? 00:34: ... Copernicus presented his model of the solar system which demoted the Earth from its position at the center of the ... 16:26: ... there would be life on almost every planetary body, even in this solar ...
	2019-11-11: Does Life Need a Multiverse to Exist? 14:04: ... is the idea that Jupiter may have wandered into the inner solar system during the solar system's formation, disrupting the planets that ...
	2019-11-04: Why We Might Be Alone in the Universe 05:41: We’ll start by comparing planets of our solar system, because our ability to probe extra-solar planets is still in its infancy. 05:48: ... Earth has two qualities not shared by the other rocky planets in our solar system: 1) it has a very dynamic interior and 2) a very large ... 05:59: ... magnetic field that protects Earth from dangerous space radiation and solar ... 09:14: Our solar system has a huge range of planet properties - from the tiny rocky Mercury to the gigantic gaseous Jupiter and Saturn. 09:40: That planet acts like a gigantic gravitational vacuum cleaner, absorbing a lot of the debris left over from the formation of the solar system. 05:59: ... magnetic field that protects Earth from dangerous space radiation and solar storms. ...
	2019-10-07: Black Hole Harmonics 08:43: By analyzing the harmonics, the team calculates the mass of the final black hole as 68.5 solar masses.
	2019-09-30: How Many Universes Are There? 16:30: ... whether or not a body clears its orbit depends strongly on where in the solar system it forms - the further out, the more massive a body needs to be ... 17:12: Within our solar system it's clear enough which are planets and which aren't by this definition. 17:33: The word planet is reserved exclusively for the 8 bodies of our solar system.
	2019-09-23: Is Pluto a Planet? 02:34: The solar system finally made observational and theoretical sense: there were now 6 planets orbiting the sun in perfect mathematical harmony. 04:29: ... taxonomy had to evolve as our understanding of the solar system grew, and so the term planet was reserved for the now-familiar 8 ... 07:15: Also through the 1990s more and more moving specks were discovered within our solar system, beyond Neptune’s orbit. 08:42: ... definitions, met to finally define what it meant to be a planet in our solar ... 11:57: For example, the moons of Jupiter and Saturn are active worlds that may prove to be the only other homes for life within our solar system. 12:11: ... belt, which is of fundamental importance to our understanding of how our solar system ... 13:14: ... eight solar system bodies currently defined as planets certainly share plenty enough ... 16:47: The magnetic field that it does have comes from the interaction of the solar wind with its super thick atmosphere. 17:41: ... of self replicating robots to capture and toss comets into the inner solar system in order to terraform Mars, suggesting that this could, in some ... 16:47: The magnetic field that it does have comes from the interaction of the solar wind with its super thick atmosphere.
	2019-09-16: Could We Terraform Mars? 03:49: Earth’s magnetic field protects us from the solar wind, as we saw in a recent episode. 08:51: ... need to cover much of the surface of Mars in solar cells made from abundant silicon in the crust, or build 10 or so million ... 11:18: To really build an Earth-like atmosphere we have to turn our eyes to the rest of the solar system. 12:59: Mars has an atmosphere – either released from deep in the crust or brought in from the far outer solar system. 18:06: ... out that while Venus lacks an Earth-type intrinsic magnetic field, the solar wind striking its atmosphere creates an induced magnetic field that does ... 18:19: The solar wind partially ionizes Venus's upper atmosphere. 08:51: ... need to cover much of the surface of Mars in solar cells made from abundant silicon in the crust, or build 10 or so million ... 03:49: Earth’s magnetic field protects us from the solar wind, as we saw in a recent episode. 18:06: ... out that while Venus lacks an Earth-type intrinsic magnetic field, the solar wind striking its atmosphere creates an induced magnetic field that does ... 18:19: The solar wind partially ionizes Venus's upper atmosphere. 18:06: ... out that while Venus lacks an Earth-type intrinsic magnetic field, the solar wind striking its atmosphere creates an induced magnetic field that does protects the ...
	2019-09-03: Is Earth's Magnetic Field Reversing? 01:00: Mars, with its solid core, has no such shield – and so the red planet’s atmosphere was stripped away by the solar wind billions of years ago. 11:54: ... probably we’ll have to get much better at shielding satellites from the solar ... 12:34: For now at least we remain protected from the worst ravages of solar storms, and of our dangerously irradiated space time. 01:00: Mars, with its solid core, has no such shield – and so the red planet’s atmosphere was stripped away by the solar wind billions of years ago. 11:54: ... probably we’ll have to get much better at shielding satellites from the solar wind. ... 01:00: Mars, with its solid core, has no such shield – and so the red planet’s atmosphere was stripped away by the solar wind billions of years ago.
	2019-08-12: Exploring Arecibo in VR 180 00:13: ... actually figured out that it's riding a rock hurtling through the vast solar system did it learn mastery over matter and the forces of nature and ... 03:24: ... the receivers In fact Arecibo found the very first planet beyond our solar system and it's been central to the search for extraterrestrial ...
	2019-07-25: Deciphering The Vast Scale of the Universe 06:23: ... Earth, the Sun, and our solar system behind, we’re zipping past the hundreds of billions of stars of ...
	2019-07-15: The Quantum Internet 14:45: KowashiHitori points out that Wind and solar won't build battlemechs... just saying. 14:55: Funnies aside, you can't run an energy-hungry compact vehicle on solar or batteries for very long.
	2019-07-01: Thorium and the Future of Nuclear Energy 02:49: ... we need it or can we meet those challenges with renewables like wind and solar? ...
	2019-06-06: The Alchemy of Neutron Star Collisions 02:47: ... star collision around 80 million years before the formation of the solar system now it would be fair to ask how on earth anyone could know that ...
	2019-05-16: The Cosmic Dark Ages 07:19: ... even billions of times the Sun’s mass – inescapable spheres the size of solar systems. And in the final stage of this feeding frenzy, surrounded by ...
	2019-05-01: The Real Science of the EHT Black Hole 01:00: It has an estimated mass of several billion times that of the Sun, which gives it an event horizon larger than the solar system. 09:37: ... found that monster has a mass over 6 billion solar masses, with an event horizon that's about 1/5 the size of that ring– so ...
	2019-04-24: No Dark Matter = Proof of Dark Matter? 00:03: ... gravitation might change between short distances like within the solar system and large distances like entire galaxies and clusters such a ...
	2019-04-03: The Edge of an Infinite Universe 17:29: After some millions of years watching the galaxies fall apart, the last phase of the destruction of the solar system would happen pretty fast.
	2019-03-28: Could the Universe End by Tearing Apart Every Atom? 09:58: The final deadly stage only happens in the last month or so when the solar system is pulled apart.
	2019-03-20: Is Dark Energy Getting Stronger? 12:06: It’s not strong enough to have any effect on the space inside a galaxy, so the Milky Way, and certainly the solar system are safe.
	2018-12-06: Did Life on Earth Come from Space? 00:37: ... can be accelerated by their star's own radiation and be ejected from the solar system this is Radio panspermia stars may be constantly spraying their ...
	2018-11-21: 'Oumuamua Is Not Aliens 00:15: [MUSIC PLAYING] Last year, a visitor came to our inner solar system. 00:29: ... countless times before, lonely rocks, remnants of the formation of our solar system drifting on their endless orbits around the sun, and faintly ... 01:03: It's the first chunk of interstellar space debris we've ever spotted passing through our solar system. 02:51: But now that Oumuamua is on its way out of the solar system, it's doing something even weirder. 04:45: Now that's exactly what you'd expect for solar radiation pressure. 05:54: Oumuamua appears to be accelerating out of the solar system in a way completely consistent with outgassing except there is no visible outgassing. 09:22: ... finally, perhaps Oumuamua isn't from outside our solar system at all, but rather comes from our own Oort cloud and was socked ... 10:18: Oumuamua was traveling at 26 kilometers per second before it entered our solar system. 04:45: Now that's exactly what you'd expect for solar radiation pressure.
	2018-11-14: Supersymmetric Particle Found? 03:34: Build an accelerator the size of the planet, the solar system, give up and let theorists just tell their stories?
	2018-10-25: Will We Ever Find Alien Life? 01:02: ... their presence; radio transmissions, robotic probes, or star-blotting solar ... 04:14: Thrillingly, one proposed explanation was an alien mega structure, perhaps a vast fleet of solar collectors built by the local inhabitants. 04:46: For example, these alien solar collectors may be our best shot at spotting other civilizations. 04:52: An advance civilization may launch so many solar satellites that they substantially block the light from their own star. 05:00: Let's call such a solar fleet a Dyson swarm after the Dyson sphere, which is the next level up, a structure that completely encases a star. 01:02: ... their presence; radio transmissions, robotic probes, or star-blotting solar arrays. ... 04:14: Thrillingly, one proposed explanation was an alien mega structure, perhaps a vast fleet of solar collectors built by the local inhabitants. 04:46: For example, these alien solar collectors may be our best shot at spotting other civilizations. 04:14: Thrillingly, one proposed explanation was an alien mega structure, perhaps a vast fleet of solar collectors built by the local inhabitants. 05:00: Let's call such a solar fleet a Dyson swarm after the Dyson sphere, which is the next level up, a structure that completely encases a star. 04:52: An advance civilization may launch so many solar satellites that they substantially block the light from their own star.
	2018-10-10: Computing a Universe Simulation 09:03: Instead of using the mass of the universe to figure out the computation speed, we only have 30 solar masses.
	2018-10-03: How to Detect Extra Dimensions 07:48: In our hypothetical universe with four spatial dimensions, gravity is already weak on the scale of the solar system and the galaxy.
	2018-08-30: Is There Life on Mars? 09:21: Both rovers were supposed to shut down after around 90 days as Martian dust accumulated on their solar panels, cutting off their power supply.
	2018-08-15: Quantum Theory's Most Incredible Prediction 13:14: And now onto your comments about getting close to the sun with the very recently launched Parker Solar Probe. 14:36: ... material surrounding the sun, can be so hot compared to the 5800 Kelvin solar ... 14:53: Just radiating it from the solar surface would lead to temperatures below 5800 Kelvin. 13:14: And now onto your comments about getting close to the sun with the very recently launched Parker Solar Probe. 14:36: ... material surrounding the sun, can be so hot compared to the 5800 Kelvin solar surface. ... 14:53: Just radiating it from the solar surface would lead to temperatures below 5800 Kelvin.
	2018-08-01: How Close To The Sun Can Humanity Get? 00:15: ... touching the sun than we ever have before, with the launch of the Parker Solar ... 00:26: ... NASA put humans on the moon, sent probes throughout and even beyond the solar system, and drove a minivan-size Rover across the surface of ... 00:41: And now, NASA will once again attempt the impossible-- reaching for the one place in the solar system we never did approach. 00:49: The Parker Solar Probe will fly within a hair's breadth of the sun itself. 01:20: It also bursts from the solar surface. 01:28: The solar wind, whose origin we see as the solar corona. 01:37: It's visible to the naked eye only during a total solar eclipse. 02:04: Tech that can be damaged or destroyed by solar activity. 03:21: So why do we need the Parker Solar Probe? 03:24: Well, because it won't just watch from a distance, it'll get close enough to bathe in the source of the solar wind. 03:31: ... primary science objective of the Parker Solar Probe-- as stated by NASA-- is to trace the flow of energy and ... 03:40: And to explore what accelerates the solar wind. 03:51: It'll directly probe the sun's electromagnetic field and will connect the sun's magnetic activity with the sources of the solar wind. 04:08: Finally, it will detect radio waves from processes responsible for the acceleration of particles in the solar wind. 04:18: The solar wind electrons, alphas, and protons instrument-- or SWEAP-- will directly detect the particles that make up most of the solar wind. 04:38: It will follow the flow of energy from the solar corona into the accelerating solar wind and connect the solar wind to its source. 04:51: ... will capture the most energetic particles of the solar wind-- charged particles like electrons, protons, and heavier nuclei, ... 05:02: And finally, there's the wide-field imager for Solar Probe or WISPR. 05:10: This set of two telescopes will actually produce images of the solar corona and surroundings. 05:15: From that close up, it'll achieve unprecedented resolution of the solar wind, including shocks and other interesting structures. 05:22: ... which 3D models of the corona can be made, pinpointing the source of solar ... 05:54: ... need to withstand continuous exposure over many orbits to solar radiation and intense temperatures, upwards of 1,650 Kelvin, while ... 06:23: The sun's the biggest object in the solar system and has the strongest source of gravity. 08:20: It'll gather the data we need to understand the corona and the perilous solar wind. 08:26: Humanity has been planning a solar probe since: the late '50s. 02:04: Tech that can be damaged or destroyed by solar activity. 01:28: The solar wind, whose origin we see as the solar corona. 03:31: ... NASA-- is to trace the flow of energy and understand the heating of the solar corona. ... 04:38: It will follow the flow of energy from the solar corona into the accelerating solar wind and connect the solar wind to its source. 05:10: This set of two telescopes will actually produce images of the solar corona and surroundings. 01:37: It's visible to the naked eye only during a total solar eclipse. 00:15: ... touching the sun than we ever have before, with the launch of the Parker Solar Probe. ... 00:49: The Parker Solar Probe will fly within a hair's breadth of the sun itself. 03:21: So why do we need the Parker Solar Probe? 03:31: ... primary science objective of the Parker Solar Probe-- as stated by NASA-- is to trace the flow of energy and understand the ... 05:02: And finally, there's the wide-field imager for Solar Probe or WISPR. 08:26: Humanity has been planning a solar probe since: the late '50s. 05:54: ... need to withstand continuous exposure over many orbits to solar radiation and intense temperatures, upwards of 1,650 Kelvin, while keeping the ... 01:20: It also bursts from the solar surface. 01:28: The solar wind, whose origin we see as the solar corona. 03:24: Well, because it won't just watch from a distance, it'll get close enough to bathe in the source of the solar wind. 03:40: And to explore what accelerates the solar wind. 03:51: It'll directly probe the sun's electromagnetic field and will connect the sun's magnetic activity with the sources of the solar wind. 04:08: Finally, it will detect radio waves from processes responsible for the acceleration of particles in the solar wind. 04:18: The solar wind electrons, alphas, and protons instrument-- or SWEAP-- will directly detect the particles that make up most of the solar wind. 04:38: It will follow the flow of energy from the solar corona into the accelerating solar wind and connect the solar wind to its source. 04:51: ... will capture the most energetic particles of the solar wind-- charged particles like electrons, protons, and heavier nuclei, measuring ... 05:15: From that close up, it'll achieve unprecedented resolution of the solar wind, including shocks and other interesting structures. 08:20: It'll gather the data we need to understand the corona and the perilous solar wind. 04:51: ... will capture the most energetic particles of the solar wind-- charged particles like electrons, protons, and heavier nuclei, measuring their ... 04:18: The solar wind electrons, alphas, and protons instrument-- or SWEAP-- will directly detect the particles that make up most of the solar wind. 05:15: From that close up, it'll achieve unprecedented resolution of the solar wind, including shocks and other interesting structures. 05:22: ... which 3D models of the corona can be made, pinpointing the source of solar winds. ...
	2018-06-27: How Asteroid Mining Will Save Earth 01:55: Asteroids, along with comets, are leftover material from the formation of the solar system. 02:09: ... groups of asteroids inhabiting different regions and orbits in the inner solar system, including some that cross Earth's ... 02:20: Unlike the more-icy comets of the outer solar system, asteroids are rocky or metallic.
	2018-05-23: Why Quantum Information is Never Destroyed 11:49: Pepsi could extract some free energy if you could build a device that spans several million light years or, I don't know, install some solar panels.
	2018-05-16: Noether's Theorem and The Symmetries of Reality 11:05: ... will find more small solar system objects, detect the effects of weak gravitational lensing in ...
	2018-05-09: How Gaia Changed Astronomy Forever 06:20: We can potentially, trace the origins of these stars, allowing us to find solar systems that came from the same stellar nurseries. 07:38: It's tracked over 14,000 asteroids and other solar system objects, and found many new ones. 06:20: We can potentially, trace the origins of these stars, allowing us to find solar systems that came from the same stellar nurseries.
	2018-05-02: The Star at the End of Time 00:40: We seek refuge in the outer solar system as the Sun finally expands into a red giant twice. 08:15: Those stars will have long-frozen worlds in the outer parts of their solar systems.
	2018-04-25: Black Hole Swarms 07:42: If the sun was near the galactic core, the nearest black hole would be inside the solar systems Oort cloud.
	2018-04-18: Using Stars to See Gravitational Waves 01:04: And in the other cases, they were 30 plus solar masses. 02:27: That could make a binary merger in the 5 to 15 solar mass range look like a much more massive merger. 03:49: ... catch the merger of the million to billion solar mass black holes, supermassive black holes that live in the centers of ... 02:27: That could make a binary merger in the 5 to 15 solar mass range look like a much more massive merger. 03:49: ... catch the merger of the million to billion solar mass black holes, supermassive black holes that live in the centers of ... 02:27: That could make a binary merger in the 5 to 15 solar mass range look like a much more massive merger. 01:04: And in the other cases, they were 30 plus solar masses.
	2018-03-28: The Andromeda-Milky Way Collision 00:03: ... four billion years, anyone left in our solar system will witness the most spectacular event to take place in the ... 00:14: But will that be the very last night sky our solar system witnesses? 01:21: But what about the sun, the solar system, the Earth? 07:56: And that could slingshot our solar system into intergalactic space.
	2018-03-07: Should Space be Privatized? 05:14: We've sent probes to every planet in our solar system and landed on several, but not a single CEO got rich doing it.
	2018-02-21: The Death of the Sun 05:48: It's been blasting its own mess into the solar system in great winds through both red giant phases. 08:16: If we're still solar system bound, then its outer reaches may harbor us for a little while. 08:22: The habitable zone, the region with the right solar flux liquid water, will expand beyond Neptune's orbit in the first red giant phase.
	2018-02-14: What is Energy? 12:58: ... is a lot a planet for a star to consume, at least compared to our solar system, which only has little over two Earth masses in the solar ... 13:10: In fact, it may be that our solar system is unusual in this case. 13:27: So what happened to our solar system? 13:30: Well, solar system formation models do indicate a scenario in which our sun may have swallowed some early terrestrial planets.
	2018-01-31: Kronos: Devourer Of Worlds 03:10: ... two light-years apart from each other, about 326 light-years from our solar ... 05:36: This is the first stuff to come together in the early days of an inner solar system as things are cooling down. 05:45: ... they condense at core temperatures, they remain vaporized in the inner solar system, but come together further out, giving us gas giants and comets ... 07:19: We talk a bit about the effects of Jupiter on our own solar system in this episode. 08:08: ... a few ways to do this, but most ideas involve increasing the rate of the solar wind while also magnetically driving the outflow towards the poles so ... 08:28: Andrew Milo recommends we block out some of the sun's light with orbiting solar farms. 09:22: ... per several thousand years should be enough to maintain the current solar flux by increasing the size of our ... 08:28: Andrew Milo recommends we block out some of the sun's light with orbiting solar farms. 09:22: ... per several thousand years should be enough to maintain the current solar flux by increasing the size of our ... 08:08: ... a few ways to do this, but most ideas involve increasing the rate of the solar wind while also magnetically driving the outflow towards the poles so Earth ...
	2018-01-24: The End of the Habitable Zone 04:55: About them oceans, currently Earth is comfortably inside the solar system's Goldilocks or habitable zone. 05:06: The brightening of the sun means the habitable zone has shifted outwards since the formation of the solar system. 06:54: This is happening already but will massively increase as solar radiation rises. 04:55: About them oceans, currently Earth is comfortably inside the solar system's Goldilocks or habitable zone.
	2018-01-10: What Do Stars Sound Like? 08:05: For example, we can map the currents of plasma and density fluctuations as they shift beneath the solar surface. 08:37: And this can give us advance warning of potentially dangerous solar activity. 11:53: ... that jet would have diverged to something like 10 times the size of our solar system by the time it reaches ... 12:05: It would hit the whole solar system equally. 08:37: And this can give us advance warning of potentially dangerous solar activity. 08:05: For example, we can map the currents of plasma and density fluctuations as they shift beneath the solar surface.
	2017-12-20: Extinction by Gamma-Ray Burst 04:14: Nitric oxide catalyzes the destruction of ozone molecules, depleting the ozone layer that protects us from solar UV. 08:03: Well, no need to pack up and leave the solar system just yet. 09:27: And anyway, there's nowhere in the solar system to hide. 10:37: Last week, we talked about our first detection of a visitor from outside our solar system. 11:14: It was moving much faster than most solar system objects, at around 50 kilometers per second, at its closest approach to Earth. 04:14: Nitric oxide catalyzes the destruction of ozone molecules, depleting the ozone layer that protects us from solar UV.
	2017-12-13: The Origin of 'Oumuamua, Our First Interstellar Visitor 00:07: We are currently being visited by a traveler from outside our solar system. 00:51: ... looking at the first object ever observed that came from outside our solar ... 02:25: We've seen such tumblers in our solar system. 03:00: ... observed asteroid-- indeed, every previously observed everything in our solar system-- moves in elliptical orbits as governed by Kepler's ... 03:52: Oumuamua has an eccentricity of 1.2, meaning its hyperbolic path will take it out of the solar system. 05:09: The simplest explanation for Oumuamua's solar system escaping speed is that it gained that speed by falling into the solar system from outside. 05:57: So Oumuamua was probably only a visitor to that solar system too. 06:02: Unless of course there are aliens in that solar system throwing rocks at us? 07:23: ... there must be roughly 700 trillion objects per cubic parsec in the solar ... 07:39: And based on this, PZ 17 predicts that two to 12 of these interstellar objects should pass through our solar system inside Earth's orbit every year. 08:44: Well, it'll leave our solar system behind in roughly 20,000 years. 07:23: ... there must be roughly 700 trillion objects per cubic parsec in the solar neighborhood. ...
	2017-11-29: Citizen Science + Zero-Point Challenge Answer 03:53: ... signals in LIGO and finding planets forming in the debris disks of new solar ...
	2017-11-22: Suicide Space Robots 00:56: Or in the case of the recent destruction of Cassini, to protect the solar system for future experiments. 03:17: Their designers knew that the solar panels would soon be covered by Martian dust, drastically limiting their lifespan. 03:42: NASA's scientists soon realized that the dust was being cleaned from the solar panels by the Martian wind. 06:42: Some of the most mysterious entities in our solar system are the comets that dwell in the Kuiper Belt far outside our planetary system. 06:50: These small icy bodies are thought to carry many secrets of our solar system's formation. 08:00: This caused it to bounce into a region too shaded for its solar powered operation. 08:28: But the same can't be said of the probes we sent to the outer reaches of our solar system. 08:44: ... 35 years exploring our solar system in 2012, it passed the heliopause-- the boundary where the sun's ... 03:17: Their designers knew that the solar panels would soon be covered by Martian dust, drastically limiting their lifespan. 03:42: NASA's scientists soon realized that the dust was being cleaned from the solar panels by the Martian wind. 08:00: This caused it to bounce into a region too shaded for its solar powered operation. 06:50: These small icy bodies are thought to carry many secrets of our solar system's formation. 08:44: ... passed the heliopause-- the boundary where the sun's magnetic field and solar wind give way to the ambient environment of the Milky ...
	2017-10-25: The Missing Mass Mystery 10:51: The stuff of countless future solar systems is still riding the cosmic web, falling in from the darkest reaches of space time.
	2017-10-04: When Quasars Collide STJC 01:49: The largest have event horizons that would envelop most of our solar system. 03:03: But lower down the power scale, we have Seyfert galaxies, which typically contain a single SMBH weighing in at millions of solar masses.
	2017-09-28: Are the Fundamental Constants Changing? 13:10: It would send a spacecraft to at least 550 times the Earth's orbital radius, out beyond the edge of the solar system.
	2017-09-13: Neutron Stars Collide in New LIGO Signal? 04:12: Neutron stars form from the not quite as rare stars of around 8 to 20 solar masses. 04:32: The remnant core of a dead star must be less than 3 solar masses to make a neutron star. 04:39: But that's a factor of 10 smaller than the 30 solar mass black holes that merged in the first LIGO detection. 04:12: Neutron stars form from the not quite as rare stars of around 8 to 20 solar masses. 04:32: The remnant core of a dead star must be less than 3 solar masses to make a neutron star.
	2017-08-24: First Detection of Life 01:14: ... before our technology would allow a similar experiment beyond our solar ... 04:15: It's destroyed by solar ultraviolet light in the atmosphere with a half-life of around 50 years. 06:56: We are still a long way from sending a probe like Galileo to another solar system, but we're working on it. 04:15: It's destroyed by solar ultraviolet light in the atmosphere with a half-life of around 50 years.
	2017-08-16: Extraterrestrial Superstorms 00:34: ... largest and oldest storm in the solar system is Jupiter's Great Red Spot, stretching an incredible two to ... 04:37: As they contract, gas giants convert gravitational potential energy into heat, which in turn powers the largest storms in the solar system. 10:40: And with the help from citizen scientists, perhaps like you, we're sure to unravel some of the secrets of the solar system's most powerful storms. 13:53: Don Solaris asks how I manage to make my beard super-symmetrical.
	2017-07-19: The Real Star Wars 09:31: ... fighter launched a specialized missile that destroyed Solwind, a retired solar observatory ... 14:17: ... their eyes burned out by accidentally looking at the August 21st total solar eclipse, we made some Space-Time eclipse ... 09:31: ... fighter launched a specialized missile that destroyed Solwind, a retired solar observatory ...
	2017-07-07: Feynman's Infinite Quantum Paths 12:06: On August 21, for the first time in 40 years, the United States will experience a total solar eclipse.
	2017-06-21: Anti-Matter and Quantum Relativity 12:00: My new plan is to level up my skill in time for the solar eclipse in August.
	2017-05-31: The Fate of the First Stars 05:26: By comparison, the most massive lighter stars are, at most, a couple of hundred solar masses. 08:57: In fact, it may be that stars greater than around 250 solar masses can collapse directly into a black hole without exploding. 09:04: ... in turn, would merge into monsters of thousands or tens of thousands of solar ... 05:26: By comparison, the most massive lighter stars are, at most, a couple of hundred solar masses. 08:57: In fact, it may be that stars greater than around 250 solar masses can collapse directly into a black hole without exploding. 09:04: ... in turn, would merge into monsters of thousands or tens of thousands of solar masses. ...
	2017-05-17: Martian Evolution 07:15: Even more dangerous than the UV are high-energy cosmic rays and solar particles.
	2017-05-10: The Great American Eclipse 00:30: Yep, the US is going to witness its first total solar eclipse in 40 years. 00:41: Solar eclipses are rare and special events. 00:56: A solar eclipse is when the moon's shadow falls on the Earth. 01:13: So solar eclipses are always during new moons. 01:18: Why the 40 year wait for an American solar eclipse? 01:43: That alignment happens about twice a year and usually results in one solar eclipse and one lunar eclipse. 01:52: The solar eclipse on August 21st will be preceded by a partial lunar eclipse on August 7th. 02:07: However, to see the solar eclipse, you need to be in the narrow path of the moon's shadow. 04:32: But August will give us a total solar eclipse, and those are incomparable. 04:54: In fact, in only half a billion years, the Earth will have its final total solar eclipse. 08:36: Look, I can describe a solar eclipse to you, but you really have to see one for yourself. 08:44: I saw my first solar eclipse on Flinders Island off the south coast of Australia when I was a kid, and it really enhanced my love of astronomy. 00:30: Yep, the US is going to witness its first total solar eclipse in 40 years. 00:56: A solar eclipse is when the moon's shadow falls on the Earth. 01:18: Why the 40 year wait for an American solar eclipse? 01:43: That alignment happens about twice a year and usually results in one solar eclipse and one lunar eclipse. 01:52: The solar eclipse on August 21st will be preceded by a partial lunar eclipse on August 7th. 02:07: However, to see the solar eclipse, you need to be in the narrow path of the moon's shadow. 04:32: But August will give us a total solar eclipse, and those are incomparable. 04:54: In fact, in only half a billion years, the Earth will have its final total solar eclipse. 08:36: Look, I can describe a solar eclipse to you, but you really have to see one for yourself. 08:44: I saw my first solar eclipse on Flinders Island off the south coast of Australia when I was a kid, and it really enhanced my love of astronomy. 00:41: Solar eclipses are rare and special events. 01:13: So solar eclipses are always during new moons.
	2017-04-19: The Oh My God Particle 09:00: Along with solar outbursts, cosmic rays are one of the most serious obstacles to manned interplanetary travel.
	2017-04-05: Telescopes on the Moon 05:26: They stick to electronics, impede solar panel function, and grind away at moving parts, nasty stuff.
	2017-03-15: Time Crystals! 12:03: ... who pointed out that we basically just learned all about a solar system light years away by studying how faint shadows make other faint ...
	2017-03-01: The Treasures of Trappist-1 03:08: Our solar system's habitable zone extends from roughly 1 astronomical unit-- so Earth's orbit-- to 1 and 1/2 AU, covering Earth and Mars.
	2017-02-22: The Eye of Sauron Reveals a Forming Solar System! 02:05: That makes Fomalhaut an incredible laboratory for us to study our own solar system and how it may have formed. 04:07: Our own solar system went through this process 4 and 1/2 billion years ago. 04:11: And the solar wind has long since dispersed what was left of our own protoplanetary disk. 08:07: ... formed close together until a close encounter destabilized the whole solar system and flung the gas giants into their current, more spread out ... 09:14: Was our solar system once so Mordor-like? 09:33: Only then can we start to use it to learn about our solar system's early years. 09:54: Brian Cox's Wonders of the Solar System has an awesome episode-- Order Out of Chaos. 09:59: It does a great job describing the forces that shaped our own early solar system. 09:33: Only then can we start to use it to learn about our solar system's early years. 04:11: And the solar wind has long since dispersed what was left of our own protoplanetary disk.
	2017-02-15: Telescopes of Tomorrow 07:23: ... sharpness will actually allow to take photographs of planets in other solar systems and even to observe the spectra of the atmospheres of some ... 08:49: We'll spot countless fast-moving objects in our own solar system, including potentially hazardous asteroids that could one day impact the Earth. 07:23: ... sharpness will actually allow to take photographs of planets in other solar systems and even to observe the spectra of the atmospheres of some ...
	2017-01-25: Why Quasars are so Awesome 01:11: That's surrounded by a solar system-sized whirlpool of superheated plasma that shines brighter than an entire galaxy. 06:39: Most of the energetic craziness happens on a size scale similar to our solar system, or even smaller. 01:11: That's surrounded by a solar system-sized whirlpool of superheated plasma that shines brighter than an entire galaxy.
	2017-01-19: The Phantom Singularity 00:29: In fact, we still use it to fly spacecraft around the solar system today.
	2017-01-04: How to See Black Holes + Kugelblitz Challenge Answer 02:24: These orbits tell us that a dark something of around four million solar masses lurks in the center.
	2016-12-21: Have They Seen Us? 11:33: ... within hours, or even minutes, of aliens pointing the facility to our solar system, even if they weren't looking for ... 12:11: However, our steady broadcasts have only washed over a few hundred solar-type star systems and only a few thousand stars total.
	2016-12-14: Escape The Kugelblitz Challenge 04:31: Their spaceships form a sphere around the solar system and blast a pulse of light inwards.
	2016-10-19: The First Humans on Mars 03:20: ... to protect against high-energy cosmic rays and solar outbursts and from the micrometeorites that also pass easily through ... 05:30: Giant solar arrays stretching across the Martian surface are the obvious answer. 07:28: A lot of what we learn about living on Mars will work elsewhere in the solar system, too. 07:32: In fact, the proposed spacecraft is meant to be a general purpose solar system explorer. 05:30: Giant solar arrays stretching across the Martian surface are the obvious answer. 03:20: ... to protect against high-energy cosmic rays and solar outbursts and from the micrometeorites that also pass easily through Mars's thin ...
	2016-10-12: Black Holes from the Dawn of Time 07:58: It wouldn't be right to end a discussion on primordial black holes without talking about what would happen if one passed through the Solar System. 08:21: ... if it passed by the outskirts of the Solar System, it could shake up the Oort cloud and send a nice rain of comets ... 08:50: They'd just zip right through the solar system unnoticed.
	2016-09-29: Life on Europa? 00:58: The moon is increasingly looked at as our best chance to find extraterrestrial life in our solar system.
	2016-09-21: Quantum Entanglement and the Great Bohr-Einstein Debate 11:41: Daniel Oberley and others point out that a Von Neumann probe may be in our solar system, but be well hidden. 12:34: ... of bane civilization, there should also be probes blundering through the solar system with no concern about being ...
	2016-09-14: Self-Replicating Robots and Galactic Domination 03:50: ... is a tiny spacecraft that will be powered by a solar sail-fed ion drive that could harvest planetary resources to build more ... 05:06: So a spacecraft is launched from the home Solar System with an engine capable of taking it to 10% or 20% lightspeed. 05:34: It deploys initial solar panels and mining bots, and uses these resources to build a factory. 05:42: That factory includes larger solar power plant, a strip-mining operation, and perhaps more assemblers. 07:02: Given B, we should see replication factories in our own solar system. 11:14: However, it is conceivable that you could cause the solar collectors to fill up as they transited the sun, leaving a gap for sunlight. 12:03: But even solar power stations at Earth's surface will soon be a viable solution for most of our current energy needs. 12:12: Mr. Mercury is a little uncomfortable with building a power source that has the potential to destroy our solar system. 11:14: However, it is conceivable that you could cause the solar collectors to fill up as they transited the sun, leaving a gap for sunlight. 05:34: It deploys initial solar panels and mining bots, and uses these resources to build a factory. 05:42: That factory includes larger solar power plant, a strip-mining operation, and perhaps more assemblers. 12:03: But even solar power stations at Earth's surface will soon be a viable solution for most of our current energy needs. 05:42: That factory includes larger solar power plant, a strip-mining operation, and perhaps more assemblers. 12:03: But even solar power stations at Earth's surface will soon be a viable solution for most of our current energy needs. 03:50: ... is a tiny spacecraft that will be powered by a solar sail-fed ion drive that could harvest planetary resources to build more of ...
	2016-08-24: Should We Build a Dyson Sphere? 01:46: The incredible stresses on a solar structure that size are vastly greater than could be sustained by any known or yet imagined material. 01:55: ... than there is non-hydrogen or helium matter in all of the planets in the solar ... 02:36: It's not feasible to build a giant solar sphere. 02:49: ... of building a Dyson sphere, build a Dyson swarm, individual solar collectors that are only kilometers or less in diameter and each with ... 04:13: It would reflect light into a small solar power plant that would then beam energy somewhere useful, perhaps with a laser or a maser. 05:16: ... need to devour Venus, Mars, and a good number of asteroids and outer solar system moons, too, assuming we want to leave Earth ... 06:47: Also, we need a mega structure to harvest it, with a raw material requirement close to that of all the terrestrial planets in the solar system. 08:13: That's nothing, compared to the hundreds of quadrillion solar collectors in a full Dyson swarm. 08:37: However, there's enough mass in the solar system to run a type 3 civilization's Kugelblitz swarm for many times the current age of the universe. 02:49: ... of building a Dyson sphere, build a Dyson swarm, individual solar collectors that are only kilometers or less in diameter and each with its own ... 08:13: That's nothing, compared to the hundreds of quadrillion solar collectors in a full Dyson swarm. 04:13: It would reflect light into a small solar power plant that would then beam energy somewhere useful, perhaps with a laser or a maser. 02:36: It's not feasible to build a giant solar sphere. 01:46: The incredible stresses on a solar structure that size are vastly greater than could be sustained by any known or yet imagined material.
	2016-08-10: How the Quantum Eraser Rewrites the Past 11:10: ... like that passing through the solar system, even if nowhere near the Earth, would probably disrupt planetary ... 11:21: Even if it passed by the outer reaches of the solar system, it would perturb the Oort cloud and send swarms of comets plummeting inwards. 11:42: And one of these passing through the solar system would only be dangerous if it was moving slowly enough, and if it came very close to the Earth.
	2016-08-03: Can We Survive the Destruction of the Earth? ft. Neal Stephenson 08:14: But there is one threat that no settlement on any planetary surface or space hotel in the solar system can protect us from-- that's an exploding star. 09:44: No planetary surface or space ark in the solar system would be safe from a supernova or a gamma ray burst. 10:09: ... two, get the hell out of the solar system and start colonizing the galaxy beyond the 30-light-year range of ...
	2016-07-27: The Quantum Experiment that Broke Reality 11:12: Let's look at some of the comments from our episode on the role of Jupiter in the formation of our solar system. 11:18: ... are around 7.5% the mass of the Sun, while Jupiter is 1/10,000 of a solar ...
	2016-07-20: The Future of Gravitational Waves 01:14: This time, they're a bit smaller, at 14 and eight solar masses.
	2016-07-06: Juno to Reveal Jupiter's Violent Past 00:14: ... from our point of view, and it holds the secrets to the formation of the solar ... 00:32: It's by far the largest and most massive thing in our solar system after the sun. 00:45: Jupiter's enormous gravity influences the orbit of all the planets in the solar system. 00:50: In fact, its effect during the first billion years of the solar system's formation defines the positions of all planetary orbits. 02:02: It's 20,000 times the strength of Earth's field, giving Jupiter the brightest auroras in the solar system. 02:09: Jupiter patrols the outer solar system at an average distance of 5.2 astronomical units. 02:23: In the wake of its intense gravitational field, it drags with it its own mini solar system of at least 67 moons and a faint ring system. 02:34: That gravitational influence extends through the entire solar system. 02:51: The center of mass of the sun-Jupiter system lies just above the solar surface, and both the sun and Jupiter circle this point. 03:22: It's more like a giant monster stalking the edge of the garden of the inner solar system. 03:43: But the havoc caused by Jupiter now is nothing compared to the earliest days of the solar system. 03:54: See, the early solar system was a messy place. 04:58: We're going to outline a possible scenario for the first billion years of the solar system. 06:09: But it also solves several problems with the way our inner solar system is currently laid out. 06:54: Our solar system has none. 06:56: ... early rampage into the inner solar system would have sent such planets spiraling into the sun, leaving only ... 07:11: ... comprised of a mixture of materials from both the inner and outer solar system, and that's exactly what you might expect if Jupiter passed ... 07:44: The solar system at this point had all its planets-- eight, maybe nine of them-- but also a huge amount of left over junk. 08:42: As the three outer gas giants plowed through the great field of planetesimals, they scattered this material through the solar system. 09:29: ... the solar system's formation really happened this way or by some completely ... 02:51: The center of mass of the sun-Jupiter system lies just above the solar surface, and both the sun and Jupiter circle this point. 00:50: In fact, its effect during the first billion years of the solar system's formation defines the positions of all planetary orbits. 09:29: ... the solar system's formation really happened this way or by some completely different ... 00:50: In fact, its effect during the first billion years of the solar system's formation defines the positions of all planetary orbits. 09:29: ... the solar system's formation really happened this way or by some completely different scenario, we ...
	2016-06-08: New Fundamental Particle Discovered?? + Challenge Winners! 05:52: Bookmaker talks about the connection between solar activity and Earth's climate. 06:01: So it's true that high sunspot activity can increase solar irradiance. 06:06: And in the first half of the 1900s, increasing activity did increase solar output by about 0.1 of a percent. 06:18: But even ignoring this consensus, the correlation between solar activity and warming stopped a while ago. 06:26: As Bookmaker suggests, solar activity is diminishing. 05:52: Bookmaker talks about the connection between solar activity and Earth's climate. 06:18: But even ignoring this consensus, the correlation between solar activity and warming stopped a while ago. 06:26: As Bookmaker suggests, solar activity is diminishing. 06:01: So it's true that high sunspot activity can increase solar irradiance. 06:06: And in the first half of the 1900s, increasing activity did increase solar output by about 0.1 of a percent.
	2016-05-04: Will Starshot's Insterstellar Journey Succeed? 02:19: This solar sail has buzzed past Venus and now explores the interplanetary space in an orbit between Earth and Venus. 02:26: Solar sails work well within the solar system and there are a number of plans for more of these. 02:19: This solar sail has buzzed past Venus and now explores the interplanetary space in an orbit between Earth and Venus. 02:26: Solar sails work well within the solar system and there are a number of plans for more of these.
	2016-03-23: How Cosmic Inflation Flattened the Universe 10:28: The Milky Way and our solar system were originally made of gas, giant clouds of the stuff.
	2016-03-16: Why is the Earth Round and the Milky Way Flat? 00:23: It loves building spheres like stars, planets, and moons, and disks like spiral galaxies, solar systems, and some crazy stuff like quasars. 01:53: disk-shaped things like galaxies and solar systems have circular symmetry. 08:20: This is not true of things like spiral galaxies, solar systems, and the whirlpools of gas around quasars. 00:23: It loves building spheres like stars, planets, and moons, and disks like spiral galaxies, solar systems, and some crazy stuff like quasars. 01:53: disk-shaped things like galaxies and solar systems have circular symmetry. 08:20: This is not true of things like spiral galaxies, solar systems, and the whirlpools of gas around quasars.
	2016-03-02: What’s Wrong With the Big Bang Theory? 10:48: It doesn't work in galaxies or solar systems. 10:51: For example, the solar system is better described with the Schwarzschild metric, dominated by the sun's gravitational field. 10:48: It doesn't work in galaxies or solar systems.
	2016-02-03: Will Mars or Venus Kill You First? 01:35: ... lack of a strong magnetosphere has allowed the solar wind, the constant stream of energetic particles from the sun, to ... 04:29: See, space is flooded with extremely energetic solar radiation and cosmic rays. 05:21: But that low constant solar wind is nothing compared to a coronal mass ejection. 06:06: ... Mars from the sun and are preceded by some visible indication like a solar flare, whose light reaches you in ... 04:29: See, space is flooded with extremely energetic solar radiation and cosmic rays. 01:35: ... lack of a strong magnetosphere has allowed the solar wind, the constant stream of energetic particles from the sun, to whittle away ... 05:21: But that low constant solar wind is nothing compared to a coronal mass ejection.
	2015-11-18: 5 Ways to Stop a Killer Asteroid 04:24: See, the Earth is a very small target on the scale of the solar system.
	2015-11-05: Why Haven't We Found Alien Life? 06:42: ... the solar wind pushes infested material into interstellar space so that tens of ...
	2015-10-15: 5 REAL Possibilities for Interstellar Travel 06:55: ... by massive Helium 3 reactors or in orbit around the sun powered by vast solar ...
	2015-09-23: Does Dark Matter BREAK Physics? 03:37: This relationship is definitely true on the scale of the solar system.
	2015-08-27: Watch THIS! (New Host + Challenge Winners) 03:15: In 15 billion years, what will you find at the center of the solar system?
	2015-08-19: Do Events Inside Black Holes Happen? 05:32: So we associate one solar mass with the black hole itself. 08:50: For instance, the 4 million solar mass black hole at the center of the Milky Way is about as dense as water. 09:05: ... even though a solar mass black hole would spaghettify you from pretty far away, you could ... 05:32: So we associate one solar mass with the black hole itself. 08:50: For instance, the 4 million solar mass black hole at the center of the Milky Way is about as dense as water. 09:05: ... even though a solar mass black hole would spaghettify you from pretty far away, you could enter a ... 08:50: For instance, the 4 million solar mass black hole at the center of the Milky Way is about as dense as water. 09:05: ... even though a solar mass black hole would spaghettify you from pretty far away, you could enter a ...
	2015-07-08: The Leap Second Explained 00:22: Back in the day, the second was defined as exactly 1/86,400 of a solar day. 00:30: Thus, in 1960, the second was redefined to be whatever would make the motions of multiple objects in the solar system fit Newton's laws of motion. 01:05: ... has gotten about 2 and 1/2 milliseconds longer so that by the 1960s, one solar day was now 86,400.0025 new ... 01:19: As a result of all this unit shifting, the current solar day right now is already 2 and 1/2 official milliseconds longer than 24 hours. 00:22: Back in the day, the second was defined as exactly 1/86,400 of a solar day. 01:05: ... has gotten about 2 and 1/2 milliseconds longer so that by the 1960s, one solar day was now 86,400.0025 new ... 01:19: As a result of all this unit shifting, the current solar day right now is already 2 and 1/2 official milliseconds longer than 24 hours.
	2015-06-24: The Calendar, Australia & White Christmas 02:26: Instead, it's locked to the solar year, to the seasons, so that it backtracks along Earth's orbit right along with the equinoxes and the solstices. 04:40: ... spinning down due to its interactions with the moon, so that the mean solar day is getting longer, by about one to two milliseconds every 100 ... 06:45: ... because these things are going to get blown out of orbit by the solar wind without some kind of ... 04:40: ... spinning down due to its interactions with the moon, so that the mean solar day is getting longer, by about one to two milliseconds every 100 ... 06:45: ... because these things are going to get blown out of orbit by the solar wind without some kind of ... 02:26: Instead, it's locked to the solar year, to the seasons, so that it backtracks along Earth's orbit right along with the equinoxes and the solstices.
	2015-06-17: How to Signal Aliens 04:35: So I'm picturing an ultra-thin, ultra-lightweight, opaque material that we could launch into solar orbit and then unroll like a sail. 04:45: Now, we would need to tweak the orbit occasionally due to solar wind and radiation pressure. 04:49: ... if that could be automated or if space maintenance missions inside the solar system become easier for us in the future, then this setup could serve ... 04:35: So I'm picturing an ultra-thin, ultra-lightweight, opaque material that we could launch into solar orbit and then unroll like a sail. 04:45: Now, we would need to tweak the orbit occasionally due to solar wind and radiation pressure.
	2015-06-03: Is Gravity An Illusion? 10:57: ... when we're never going to go there and we still haven't explored our own solar ...
	2015-03-11: What Will Destroy Planet Earth? 00:34: About as much solar energy as a whole Earth receives over 40 million years. 02:18: In fact, a head-on collision between Earth and any solar system object deflected into our path will top out at a mere 70 to 80 kilometers per second. 03:00: ... some French physicists ran 2,500 distinct simulations of the solar system's evolution over the next few billion ... 03:14: OK, you know that diorama of the solar system you made back in fifth grade? 04:09: See, another paper in the description works out that an Earth-like planet in a solar atmosphere would vaporize after a few million years. 04:21: See, the growing sun will also develop a stronger solar wind that sprays a lot of the sun's material out into space. 04:09: See, another paper in the description works out that an Earth-like planet in a solar atmosphere would vaporize after a few million years. 00:34: About as much solar energy as a whole Earth receives over 40 million years. 03:00: ... some French physicists ran 2,500 distinct simulations of the solar system's evolution over the next few billion ... 04:21: See, the growing sun will also develop a stronger solar wind that sprays a lot of the sun's material out into space.
	2015-03-04: Should We Colonize Venus Instead of Mars? 00:39: Basically, Venus has the worst public relations team in the solar system. 01:45: It's closer to the sun, which means about four times more available solar power then you have on Mars. 04:54: ... like the upper atmosphere of Venus might be the closest thing in the solar system to an Earth-like ... 01:45: It's closer to the sun, which means about four times more available solar power then you have on Mars.
	2015-02-25: How Do You Measure the Size of the Universe? 00:26: The diameter of the solar system is about 8 light hours or 9 billion kilometers.
	2015-02-18: Is It Irrational to Believe in Aliens? 03:51: Remember, our species, which is only about 200,000 years old, has already sent the Pioneer and Voyager probes out of the solar system.
	2015-02-11: What Planet Is Super Mario World? 04:49: So Super Mario World is clearly not in our solar system. 04:52: ... to planets outside the solar system are trickier, because astronomers don't have good estimates of ...

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