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	2022-12-14: How Can Matter Be BOTH Liquid AND Gas? 00:03: ... the sun is made of, or at extreme densities we get the nuclear matter of neutron stars. ...
	2022-11-23: How To See Black Holes By Catching Neutrinos 11:35: Supernovae, colliding neutron stars and black holes, tidal disruption events when black holes rip apart stars, you name it. 16:33: ... heavy elements are produced in supernovae or in colliding neutron stars by the R-process - basically bombarding lighter elements with ...
	2022-10-12: The REAL Possibility of Mapping Alien Planets! 18:29: ... centers of stars or accretion disks. But perhaps in the cores of neutron stars   could get there. Also some transient phenomena - like supernovae, ...
	2022-07-27: How Many States Of Matter Are There? 06:10: However in the very early universe everything was a quark-gluon plasma, and that may also be true in the cores of massive neutron stars.
	2022-01-27: How Does Gravity Escape A Black Hole? 02:08: ... light, and that’s been confirmed when gravitational waves from colliding neutron stars reach us at about the same time the corresponding electromagnetic ...
	2021-11-17: Are Black Holes Actually Fuzzballs? 09:25: ... as the neutron star’s gravitational field is so intense that atomic nuclei are crushed into a ...
	2021-09-21: How Electron Spin Makes Matter Possible 16:27: ... exciting times! There was speculation that quasars could be swarms of neutron stars or supernova cascades or even bizarre objects flying at crazy speeds out ...
	2021-09-15: Neutron Stars: The Most Extreme Objects in the Universe 00:25: ... Neutron stars are arguably the strangest objects in the universe - if we don’t ... 02:35: ... we’re nearly through the magnetosphere we start to notice that the neutron star’s surface   is a little fuzzy. We’re seeing the star’s  ... 03:07: ... the neutron star’s atmosphere  is not made of atoms, rather it's a plasma,   ... 03:27: ... thick, depending on how you define the edge of   space, the neutron star’s atmosphere is barely a meter thick, with most of the plasma ... 10:06: ... are   much weaker than the signals we’ve detected when neutron stars or black holes merge,   and so it’s much harder to detect ... 11:29: ... which is probably an essential part of maintaining the neutron star’s enormous magnetic ... 12:23: ... collider experiments on Earth, we’re not sure if they exist in neutron stars. The only other time   matter existed naturally in conditions ... 03:27: ... thick, depending on how you define the edge of   space, the neutron star’s atmosphere is barely a meter thick, with most of the plasma confined ... 03:07: ... the neutron star’s atmosphere  is not made of atoms, rather it's a plasma,   in which atoms ... 11:29: ... which is probably an essential part of maintaining the neutron star’s enormous magnetic ... 10:06: ... hum at exactly one frequency- twice the  frequency of the neutron star’s rotation-   and gravitational wave astronomers are searching for these signals ... 02:35: ... we’re nearly through the magnetosphere we start to notice that the neutron star’s surface   is a little fuzzy. We’re seeing the star’s  atmosphere. Similar to ... 00:25: ... we don’t count black holes   as actual objects. And honestly, neutron stars are even weirder than black holes in some ways.   We’ve talked ...
	2021-08-03: How An Extreme New Star Could Change All Cosmology 09:18: ... their orbital energy. We’ve seen the result of this with black holes and neutron stars when LIGO detected the gravitational waves from the last moment of those ...
	2021-05-19: Breaking The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 09:13: ... from further away, and involving lower-mass mergers of black holes and neutron stars. ...
	2021-04-13: What If Dark Matter Is Just Black Holes? 06:48: For example, they’d puncture white dwarfs and neutron stars on a regular basis. 07:12: Neutron stars are a bit different. 07:22: But we see too few type 1a supernova and too many neutron stars for this to be a common phenomenon.
	2021-02-17: Gravitational Wave Background Discovered? 00:00: ... virgo have detected 50 similar signals from merging black holes and neutron stars across the universe these sweep past the earth every few days causing ...
	2020-12-22: Navigating with Quantum Entanglement 14:02: For more detail we would indeed need a whole episode Quantum fields asks what about neutron stars. 14:34: ... the other hand if protons DO decay then the small proton content of neutron stars will decay into pions and neutrinos, leaking away some of the mass of ...
	2020-12-15: The Supernova At The End of Time 11:12: They’ll leave behind smaller iron cores or a neutron stars.
	2020-08-17: How Stars Destroy Each Other 02:16: ... - from the novae produced by white dwarfs, to X-ray binaries created by neutron stars and black holes - and much weirder things ... 08:23: The neutron star’s jets sweep it hundreds of times per second, slowly blasting away its gas. 09:25: Finally that core is expected to break up in the neutron star’s tidal field and be scattered into the void. 10:54: ... that seemed to straddle the mass between black holes and neutron stars, and which will change the way we think about whichever of those it turns ... 08:23: The neutron star’s jets sweep it hundreds of times per second, slowly blasting away its gas. 09:25: Finally that core is expected to break up in the neutron star’s tidal field and be scattered into the void.
	2020-08-10: Theory of Everything Controversies: Livestream 00:00: ... detector the size of the planet jupiter and put it in orbit around the neutron stars stuff like this so you can make a lot of fun um estimates uh on that ...
	2020-07-28: What is a Theory of Everything: Livestream 00:00: ... and gravity you know something like something involving perhaps neutron stars or or something like that how can we get creative anyone who has a ...
	2020-07-20: The Boundary Between Black Holes & Neutron Stars 00:10: And we just did - an object on the boundary between neutron stars and black holes, which promises to reveal the secrets of both. 03:26: Now that’s only been seen once before - with the merger of two neutron stars in 2017 - which we obviously covered back then. 03:34: ... observed across the electromagnetic spectrum - energy released as the neutron stars tore themselves apart in their collision before they collapsed into a ... 03:47: ... with it an enormous amount of information about what happens when neutron stars collide - and we’re going to be using that information in just a ... 04:39: To understand that, we have to understand a bit more about black holes and neutron stars. 05:42: ... fact neutron stars are on the verge of being black holes, which by definition have an ... 06:13: But neutron stars are NOT made of normal matter. 07:00: As you increase a neutron star’s mass, its phantom event horizon grows while its actual surface shrinks. 08:43: ... star masses come from pulsars - cosmic lighthouses that result from a neutron star’s precessing jets sweeping past the ... 10:04: But you don’t get this smooth transition from neutron stars to black holes. 03:47: ... with it an enormous amount of information about what happens when neutron stars collide - and we’re going to be using that information in just a ... 07:00: As you increase a neutron star’s mass, its phantom event horizon grows while its actual surface shrinks. 08:43: ... star masses come from pulsars - cosmic lighthouses that result from a neutron star’s precessing jets sweeping past the ... 03:34: ... observed across the electromagnetic spectrum - energy released as the neutron stars tore themselves apart in their collision before they collapsed into a black ...
	2020-04-14: Was the Milky Way a Quasar? 07:43: All of those supernovae would have had to leave remnants behind - neutron stars and black holes. 07:49: The neutron stars should be seen as pulsars, and there just aren’t enough in that region to account for a starburst of the required magnitude.
	2019-12-17: Do Black Holes Create New Universes? 09:09: ... massive stars die, they actually mostly produce neutron stars - planet sized balls of neutrons so dense that they teeter on the edge ... 09:20: Black holes only form when the neutron stars is above a certain mass limit. 09:25: Now it may be that in the cores of the most massive neutron stars, some particles can convert into strange quarks. 09:48: That in turn means less massive neutron stars would be able to collapse into black holes. 09:54: ... the strange quark mass should be optimized to make the cutoff between neutron stars and black holes as low as ... 10:14: So, if this universe is optimized for black hole production then there should be no neutron stars more massive than 2 solar masses. 09:09: ... massive stars die, they actually mostly produce neutron stars - planet sized balls of neutrons so dense that they teeter on the edge of ...
	2019-10-07: Black Hole Harmonics 12:52: We’re seeing many, many mergers of black holes and neutron stars, and we’re learning an awful lot about these objects.
	2019-06-17: How Black Holes Kill Galaxies 11:24: ... Last time we talked about all the cool elements that get made when neutron stars ... 13:12: ... may be that some neutron stars are actually "Strange Stars" whose nuclear material is composed of ... 11:24: ... Last time we talked about all the cool elements that get made when neutron stars collide. ...
	2019-06-06: The Alchemy of Neutron Star Collisions 00:00: ... metals were produced in an even more spectacular events the collision of neutron stars. ... 02:47: ... spotted the space-time ripples from the merger of a pair of neutron stars many of the world's great telescopes monitored the subsequent ...
	2019-04-24: No Dark Matter = Proof of Dark Matter? 00:03: ... together as with many of his wiki's predictions like the existence of neutron stars and gravitational lensing this wasn't taken seriously until decades ...
	2018-10-10: Computing a Universe Simulation 13:41: The gravitational waves start to get strong before the neutron stars even make contact.
	2018-10-03: How to Detect Extra Dimensions 01:07: A pair of neutron stars spiralled together and merged. 01:22: Unlike merging black holes, which are invisible, merging neutron stars explode spectacularly. 09:58: ... electromagnetic signal from these merging exploding neutron stars allowed us to measure its distance completely independently to the ... 01:22: Unlike merging black holes, which are invisible, merging neutron stars explode spectacularly. 01:07: A pair of neutron stars spiralled together and merged.
	2018-08-23: How Will the Universe End? 02:32: ... Galaxy comprised of nothing but stellar remnants, the ultradense neutron stars and black holes from long-extinct massive stars, as well as the white ... 04:05: But neutron stars and white-- or, by now, black-- dwarfs are made of degenerate matter. 05:28: Heavier bodies, mostly neutron stars and black holes, sink towards the center. 10:32: Iron stars evolve into neutron stars. 11:27: This same process will nail all of the neutron stars too.
	2018-04-25: Black Hole Swarms 11:05: I don't know, maybe a cosmic scale wall of neutron stars with two gaps in it?
	2018-04-18: Using Stars to See Gravitational Waves 02:59: ... what they tell us about neutron stars, more observations like this should allow us to figure out where the ... 03:35: ... of the binary orbits just before merger, which for black holes and neutron stars clocks in at a few to maybe 1,000 orbits per second in the last ... 04:34: ... as well as the faint hum of thousands of binary pairs of white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes long before they ... 05:41: ... pulsars, neutron stars with jets that sweep past the Earth as the star processes, resulting in ... 03:35: ... of the binary orbits just before merger, which for black holes and neutron stars clocks in at a few to maybe 1,000 orbits per second in the last ...
	2018-01-31: Kronos: Devourer Of Worlds 01:49: ... the numbers of near-invisible stellar objects like black holes and neutron stars, as well as the distribution of gas and dark ...
	2018-01-17: Horizon Radiation 12:38: Loki and Alex ask whether seismic activity in neutron stars can be used to probe their interior properties. 12:46: Neutron stars certainly seem to experience star quakes-- massive releases of energy, as the star's ion crust cracks.
	2017-12-20: Extinction by Gamma-Ray Burst 03:34: Short-duration bursts that last less than two seconds are caused by merging neutron stars.
	2017-11-29: Citizen Science + Zero-Point Challenge Answer 05:15: But there's also Einstein at Home, which searches for LIGO gravitational wave data for signals produced by rotating neutron stars.
	2017-10-25: The Missing Mass Mystery 12:37: TS1336 was expecting last week's episode to be about the discovery of gravitational waves from merging neutron stars.
	2017-10-11: Absolute Cold 09:31: ... also expect there to be a good number of stellar remnants, like neutron stars and black holes, that have fallen towards the center from the ...
	2017-10-04: When Quasars Collide STJC 00:08: Red giant stars incinerate planetary systems, but neutron stars cannibalize their red giant neighbors. 00:15: And stellar mass black holes rip neutron stars to shreds. 00:08: Red giant stars incinerate planetary systems, but neutron stars cannibalize their red giant neighbors.
	2017-09-20: The Future of Space Telescopes 11:00: ... had detected gravitational waves from the merger of a pair of neutron stars. ... 13:14: [INAUDIBLE] wants to confirm that the gold in their ring may have been created in the collision of two neutron stars. 13:25: And if not merging neutron stars, then it was likely a supernova explosion.
	2017-09-13: Neutron Stars Collide in New LIGO Signal? 00:15: ... first time spotted gravitational waves from the collision of a pair of neutron stars. ... 01:15: LIGO was supposed to also detect some other crazy stuff like certain types of supernova explosion and the merger of binary neutron stars. 01:45: ... we talk about the supposed signal at all, let's refresh our memory on neutron stars. ... 02:39: ... Neutron stars can rotate up to thousands of times per second and have enormous ... 03:01: This was the Hulse-Taylor binary, two neutron stars in orbit around each other, one of which is visible to us as a pulsar. 03:17: And that gravitational radiation sucks energy from the orbiting system, causing the neutron stars to spiral inwards. 03:38: Any neutron stars or black holes in close orbit with each other will eventually collide as they leave gravitational radiation. 03:56: Well, because the universe makes far more neutron stars than black holes. 04:12: Neutron stars form from the not quite as rare stars of around 8 to 20 solar masses. 04:18: That means neutron stars should be more common than black holes and neutron star binary systems should merge more often than black whole binaries. 05:37: ... black holes only hit that range in the final second before merger, while neutron stars ring at audible gravitational wave frequencies for at least several ... 07:01: But around 30% of them, the short-lived ones which last for less than 2 seconds, are believed to come from merging neutron stars. 08:03: We rarely see supernovae from this galaxy type because their most massive stars have long since exploded to leave neutron stars and black holes. 09:02: But it turns out that merging neutron stars can do this too. 09:12: But the neutron stars' thin iron crust is likely bombarded with neutrons and blasted outwards, spraying a ton of r-process elements into the galaxy. 09:32: Seeing a gravitational wave signal from merging neutron stars would allow us to determine pretty exactly how much mass is lost in the merger. 10:06: But colliding neutron stars are bright across the electromagnetic spectrum. 04:12: Neutron stars form from the not quite as rare stars of around 8 to 20 solar masses. 05:37: ... black holes only hit that range in the final second before merger, while neutron stars ring at audible gravitational wave frequencies for at least several ...
	2017-01-25: Why Quasars are so Awesome 03:37: ... hysterical flurry of hypothesizing followed-- swarms of neutron stars, an alien civilization harnessing their entire galaxy's power, bright, ...
	2016-11-30: Pilot Wave Theory and Quantum Realism 14:25: Sebastian Lopez asks how are the magnetic fields of neutron stars created. 15:06: With their extreme rotation rates, neutron stars support electric currents sufficient for magnetic fields of up to 100 million tesla. 14:25: Sebastian Lopez asks how are the magnetic fields of neutron stars created. 15:06: With their extreme rotation rates, neutron stars support electric currents sufficient for magnetic fields of up to 100 million tesla.
	2016-11-16: Strange Stars 00:00: ... PLAYING] As if black holes and neutron stars aren't weird enough, physicists have very good reason to believe that ... 00:44: The most wonderfully monstrous of these are the remnant corpses of the most massive stars, stellar zombies like neutron stars and black holes. 02:36: Our understanding of neutron stars seems to fit the behavior of pulsars very well, at least for most of them. 02:49: ... ordinary neutron stars, that surface is a thin crust of iron, which quickly gives way to a fluid ... 03:42: And we certainly can't test what happens to it when subjected to the insane pressures at a neutron star's core. 06:51: It could be that neutron stars have an electroweak core, an apple-sized ball with the mass of two Earths in which quarks themselves burn. 03:42: And we certainly can't test what happens to it when subjected to the insane pressures at a neutron star's core.
	2016-10-12: Black Holes from the Dawn of Time 05:53: The smallest should fall into neutron stars, causing them to either explode or become black holes themselves. 06:01: But we see loosely bound binaries, and normal star clusters, and plenty of neutron stars. 05:53: The smallest should fall into neutron stars, causing them to either explode or become black holes themselves.
	2016-07-20: The Future of Gravitational Waves 04:54: We should eventually see mergers between two neutron stars or a neutron star and a black hole, as well as supernova explosions.
	2016-06-15: The Strange Universe of Gravitational Lensing 07:20: ... stellar bodies-- black holes, neutron stars, and brown dwarves-- occasionally pass in front of other starts and lens ...
	2016-04-06: We Are Star Stuff 09:16: ... universe, were formed not in a supernova, but in the collision of two neutron stars. ...
	2016-03-30: Pulsar Starquakes Make Fast Radio Bursts? + Challenge Winners! 01:11: ... of cataclysmic events, like colliding stellar remnants, supernovae, neutron stars collapsing into black holes, crazy stuff like ... 01:56: ... the best contenders involve young neutron stars, which rotate at insane rates and occasionally give off extremely intense ... 01:11: ... of cataclysmic events, like colliding stellar remnants, supernovae, neutron stars collapsing into black holes, crazy stuff like ...
	2016-02-11: LIGO's First Detection of Gravitational Waves! 02:06: Now, LIGO is sensitive to pairs of stellar mass black holes and/or neutron stars. 02:40: Now we've seen this slow orbital decay in binary neutron stars. 03:22: ... those few minutes, the merging black holes or neutron stars produce such strong ripples in the fabric of spacetime that LIGO can see ... 04:07: In the case of merging neutron stars, it's a much smaller distance, and so none have been seen yet, although it will happen eventually. 04:14: We'll also spot supernova explosions that produce neutron stars. 06:13: ... gravitational waves at frequencies produced by merging black holes and neutron stars, as well as the formation of neutron stars and supernova ... 06:24: And potentially, even the actual spin of neutron stars. 03:22: ... those few minutes, the merging black holes or neutron stars produce such strong ripples in the fabric of spacetime that LIGO can see them ...
	2015-12-09: How to Build a Black Hole 07:41: The space time curvature at the neutron star's surface is pretty extreme.
	2015-10-22: Have Gravitational Waves Been Discovered?!? 03:16: ... most insane gravitational phenomena in the universe-- neutron stars or black holes in-spiraling just before merger, or gravitational ... 04:34: This has been seen in binary neutron stars. 04:42: ... if we could actually see g-waves, we'd be able to study black holes, neutron stars, even the extremely early universe in ways never before ... 06:51: LIGO really just scratched the minimum sensitivity needed to spot merging neutron stars and black holes in relatively nearby galaxies.
	2015-09-23: Does Dark Matter BREAK Physics? 02:37: And they're basically crunched down, compact, dead or failed stars, black holes, neutron stars, brown dwarfs, Macaulay Culkin, et cetera.
	2015-04-01: Is the Moon in Majora’s Mask a Black Hole? 04:57: The only solid macroscopic objects in nature that are that dense are neutron stars.

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