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	2022-12-14: How Can Matter Be BOTH Liquid AND Gas? 15:11: ... I can go back to the 1920’s and debate interpretations of quantum mechanics with Einstein and Schrödinger!” – well, then you’d need to learn ...
	2022-11-09: What If Humanity Is Among The First Spacefaring Civilizations? 18:28: It’s call transactional quantum mechanics.
	2022-10-26: Why Did Quantum Entanglement Win the Nobel Prize in Physics? 00:21: ... experiments that proved that the strangest prediction of  quantum mechanics is actually ... 02:03: ... to quantum mechanics, we not only  don’t know which is which until the box is open, but ... 03:36: ... are a few different interpretations of quantum mechanics that allow this hidden information, and they’re collectively known as ... 04:03: Quantum mechanics was just too successful, and Neils Bohr was aggressive in pushing his Copenhagen interpretation. 06:12: Apparently Feynman thought it was pointless because standard quantum mechanics was clearly correct. 07:09: ... quantum mechanics says that those polarizations are undefined until measurement, when ... 07:33: ... was convincingly violated in their experiments, which means quantum mechanics was working exactly as expected, implying no hidden ... 08:35: ... the whole time and sort of conspire to look like standard quantum mechanics, even if they had real hidden ... 12:37: ... and Aspect's work was all about testing the fundamentals of quantum mechanics - about getting closer to what its weirdness  is really telling us ... 13:43: ... was right in thinking that Clauser would never disprove standard quantum mechanics - but he was wrong in thinking  that Clauser shouldn’t ... 12:37: ... and Aspect's work was all about testing the fundamentals of quantum mechanics - about getting closer to what its weirdness  is really telling us ... 13:43: ... was right in thinking that Clauser would never disprove standard quantum mechanics - but he was wrong in thinking  that Clauser shouldn’t ... 03:01: Well, because quantum mechanics  in it's standard form says so.
	2022-09-28: Why Is 1/137 One of the Greatest Unsolved Problems In Physics? 00:48: But there’s something so weird and so compelling  about this number that many of the founders of quantum mechanics obsessed over it. 01:34: As with much of quantum mechanics, it started  with us watching the light produced as electrons flicked between energy levels in atoms. 02:04: ... spectral lines was a major driver  of the development of quantum mechanics, and one of its first great successes, first with  the Bohr model ... 00:48: But there’s something so weird and so compelling  about this number that many of the founders of quantum mechanics obsessed over it.
	2022-09-21: Science of the James Webb Telescope Explained! 13:56: The core mechanics of string theory were developed to describe the very stringy one-dimensional gluon bonds between quarks, particularly in mesons.
	2022-08-24: What Makes The Strong Force Strong? 00:00: Quantum mechanics gets weirder as you go to smaller sizes and higher energies.
	2022-08-03: What Happens Inside a Proton? 12:15: ... how this lattice evolves over time using the laws of statistical mechanics. ...
	2022-07-27: How Many States Of Matter Are There? 08:00: But once you bring quantum mechanics into the picture, many strange states of matter become possible. 12:09: ... us to use the tools of our material sciences - for example quantum mechanics and condensed matter physics - to help us understand why we see the ...
	2022-07-20: What If We Live in a Superdeterministic Universe? 01:06: There have been many efforts to find a realist interpretation of quantum mechanics. 01:34: Erwin Schrodinger, co-inventer of quantum mechanics with Werner Heisenberg, was a big proponent of realism. 01:55: Albert Einstein also came up with a scenario in which he tried to refute the non-realist implications of pure quantum mechanics. 02:20: ... “standard” quantum mechanics, the fundamental building block of reality is the wavefunction, which ... 03:36: Standard quantum mechanics says that this is possible, but it leads to the seemingly absurd result of the EPR paradox. 04:02: According to standard quantum mechanics, that spin is undefined until measurement. 05:34: ... a way that was somehow hidden from the wavefunction of standard quantum mechanics. ... 06:36: ... and contained within the electron - but false if standard quantum mechanics is right and spin is undefined until ... 06:59: That test thoroughly supported standard quantum mechanics. 07:52: There are ways to save realism in quantum mechanics by crossing Einstein and abandoning locality. 08:04: On the other hand, Many Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics saves local realism at the cost of requiring multiple realities. 08:47: But quantum mechanics says that when Alice measures her electron, Bob’s electron is instantly affected. 14:09: Quantum mechanics has been telling us that we are not that for 100 years. 08:04: On the other hand, Many Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics saves local realism at the cost of requiring multiple realities.
	2022-06-22: Is Interstellar Travel Impossible? 15:08: We talked about how quantum mechanics can be derived as a model of our information about the world, rather than the world itself. 15:31: Clay Farris Naff asks whether Zeilinger description of informational quantum mechanics is consistent with Hawking's late-in-life anti-realist stance? 16:09: But this is the philosophy behind Zeilinger’s interpretation of quantum mechanics. 16:24: ... duality was explained in the context of informational quantum mechanics in that you couldn’t simultaneously extract answers to both ...
	2022-06-15: Can Wormholes Solve The Black Hole Information Paradox? 00:26: ... between general relativity and quantum   mechanics when we try to describe the tiniest scales and the highest ... 01:40: ... information, which is a non-negotiable constraint of quantum mechanics. ... 06:54: ... the Page curve using only general relativity  and accepted quantum mechanics - no string   theories attached. To be fair, these US ...
	2022-06-01: What If Physics IS NOT Describing Reality? 01:41: ... talking  about informational interpretations   of quantum mechanics. Then we discussed  one of the more radical ... 02:20: ... but we  can explore the power of informational   quantum mechanics without committing  to quite such a radical ... 02:44: ... if we can rebuild the world from those parts.   In quantum mechanics, we have things like  particles and fields which can only take ... 04:05: ... - a surprising number of the weird results of   quantum mechanics suddenly make sense. Things  like quantum indeterminacy, ... 09:26: ... the   original and most mysterious features of  quantum mechanics - wave-particle ... 11:24: ... believe to be the building blocks of reality. In  quantum mechanics, we tend to think of the quantum   wavefunction as pretty ... 09:26: ... the   original and most mysterious features of  quantum mechanics - wave-particle ... 04:05: ... - a surprising number of the weird results of   quantum mechanics suddenly make sense. Things  like quantum indeterminacy, entanglement, and ... 01:41: ... summarized with the expression “it from bit”.   Quantum mechanics tells us that asking questions  of the universe radically changes how it ... 02:20: ... Today we’re going to see how a lot  of the weirdness of quantum mechanics   can make sense if we think about it as a  model of our information ... 03:22: ... Anton Zeilinger has proposed an  informational approach to quantum mechanics   in which the world is broken up not into  physical parts, but into ... 10:33: ... So, they found that the  wave-particle duality of quantum mechanics   arises from the limited information, the  inability to answer two ...
	2022-05-04: Space DOES NOT Expand Everywhere 10:33: ... the smallest scales, general relativity comes into conflict with quantum mechanics. There is a smallest measurable length called the Planck length. When ...
	2022-04-27: How the Higgs Mechanism Give Things Mass 02:31: ... quantum mechanics, such a “redundant degree  of freedom” leads to a gauge field. We’ve ...
	2022-04-20: Does the Universe Create Itself? 00:59: ... then came the 20th century, and quantum mechanics. In quantum mechanics, not only does the act of measurement profoundly ... 01:59: ... dead until the box is open - a superposition of states. Or so quantum mechanics seems to suggest. This seems even more absurd when you add the so-called ... 04:03: ... whole mess behind them and get on with the job of actually using quantum mechanics to invent the modern ... 06:13: ... this case, quantum mechanics states that the photon is in a state of having been both transmitted and ... 12:27: ... realism” we have things like quantum bayesianism and relational quantum mechanics, in which the universe emerges from the information that some set of real ... 06:13: ... this case, quantum mechanics states that the photon is in a state of having been both transmitted and ...
	2022-03-16: What If Charge is NOT Fundamental? 01:39: As with much of modern physics, this story begins with Werner Heisenberg, whose epiphanies birthed quantum mechanics.
	2022-03-08: Is the Proxima System Our Best Hope For Another Earth? 17:13: But in general it means different branches of the wavefunction are able to influence each other, which is not the case in standard quantum mechanics. 17:20: Check out our episode on the many-worlds or Everett-Wheeler telephone for juicy details on non-linear quantum mechanics. 17:45: ... produce hopeless contradictions between general relativity and quantum mechanics. ... 17:58: ... quantum mechanics and quantum field theory assume a well-defined underlying framework, ...
	2022-02-16: Is The Wave Function The Building Block of Reality? 00:03: ... the world of quantum mechanics, it’s no big deal for particles to be in multiple different states at the ... 00:49: ... quantum mechanics, particles don’t have definite properties. Rather they are described by ... 02:24: ... real. It’s a central part of their Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. But neither physicist claimed to know where or how wave function ... 04:54: To understand how objective collapse theories work, we need just a little more quantum mechanics. 09:25: ... mechanics rules when things are small, but add enough mass, and the gravity of the ... 10:19: ... the Schrödinger equation, they are not mere interpretations of quantum mechanics — they are distinct theories with unique predictions. This means that, ... 00:49: ... quantum mechanics, particles don’t have definite properties. Rather they are described by something ... 09:25: ... mechanics rules when things are small, but add enough mass, and the gravity of the ...
	2022-02-10: The Nature of Space and Time AMA 00:03: ... positions are updated due to due to all of our beautiful newtonian mechanics then einstein came and changed all of it space and time became ...
	2022-01-27: How Does Gravity Escape A Black Hole? 06:08: Now in quantum mechanics - or more specifically quantum field theory - forces are mediated by particles, not by the geometry of spacetime.
	2022-01-12: How To Simulate The Universe With DFT 00:38: Quantum mechanics allows us to predict the behavior of the subatomic world with truly incredible precision. 02:30: ... independent Schrodinger equation isn’t the be all and end all of quantum mechanics - it’s an approximation that works for slower moving particles that ... 02:39: But it’s where we start learning quantum mechanics, and it works for a lot of simple cases. 05:39: ... in quantum mechanics often means finding a solution to a problem that’s much simpler than ... 06:03: In other words, Newtonian mechanics. 06:48: In quantum mechanics, we’re dealing with the wavefunction, and the wavefunction fills all of configuration space. 06:59: ... only that, but quantum mechanics contains non-local correlations which arise because the position of one ... 07:46: ... fact in Newtonian mechanics we can not only write down the equations of motion for each particle ... 08:02: But if we want to keep the quantum behaviour of quantum mechanics we can’t throw away most of configuration space like we do in Newtonian mechanics. 10:54: Because they aren’t interacting, the equations of motion for these electrons are separable, just like in Newtonian mechanics. 02:30: ... independent Schrodinger equation isn’t the be all and end all of quantum mechanics - it’s an approximation that works for slower moving particles that don’t ...
	2021-12-10: 2021 End of Year AMA! 00:02: ... so so we have this strange uh description of of the forces in quantum mechanics in particular in quantum field theory where two particles which are ...
	2021-11-17: Are Black Holes Actually Fuzzballs? 01:00: At the central singularity, the known laws of physics break down - general relativity comes into irreconcilable conflict with quantum mechanics. 04:17: Ultimately, the black hole paradoxes stem from the disagreement between quantum mechanics and general relativity.
	2021-11-10: What If Our Understanding of Gravity Is Wrong? 08:02: The first step was to reformulate  MOND using Lagrangian mechanics. 09:53: ... acted like Newtonian mechanics on solar system scales, like MOND on galactic scales, and like regular ... 15:45: ... configuration   space Lagrangian seems to bridge  quantum mechanics and relativity, what's missing to make this  a theory of ...
	2021-11-02: Is ACTION The Most Fundamental Property in Physics? 04:29: ... in combination with the Euler-Lagrange equations leads to Lagrangian mechanics. ... 05:00: ... you study Newton’s mechanics and then move on to Lagrangian mechanics, it seems almost like a ... 05:24: ... it really is so fundamental then it should apply well beyond classical mechanics and into our modern theories - in particular general relativity and ... 05:52: ... motivations in developing general relativity was the fact that Newtonian mechanics failed to correctly predict the orbit of Mercury. If you calculate that ... 07:09: ... up in GR - but it reveals a lot more. First, it means that Lagrangian mechanics based on this principle can be made to be “Lorentz invariant” - it gives ... 08:31: OK, it seems like we’re getting somewhere. Let’s see if quantum mechanics will get us any deeper, or perhaps just make everything more confusing. 08:39: ... famous double slit experiment, as we so often do when talking quantum mechanics. In it, a stream of quantum particles are launched at a barrier with two ... 11:12: ... is Feynman’s path integral formulation of quantum mechanics, and it exactly reproduces the predictions of previous versions of ... 12:16: ... spacetime, where the shortest path minimizes proper time. In quantum mechanics configuration space could mean phase space - the space of possible ... 18:52: ... theory might be another alchemy, or it might be another Newtonian mechanics. Shall we find ... 11:12: ... it exactly reproduces the predictions of previous versions of quantum mechanics - for example, Schrodinger’s wave mechanics that talks about the evolution ... 07:09: ... up in GR - but it reveals a lot more. First, it means that Lagrangian mechanics based on this principle can be made to be “Lorentz invariant” - it gives ... 12:16: ... spacetime, where the shortest path minimizes proper time. In quantum mechanics configuration space could mean phase space - the space of possible positions and ... 05:52: ... motivations in developing general relativity was the fact that Newtonian mechanics failed to correctly predict the orbit of Mercury. If you calculate that orbit ... 11:12: ... evolution of a single wavefunction. This is analogous to how Lagrangian mechanics reproduced Newton’s mechanics. And it’s no coincidence, because the path integral ...
	2021-10-20: Will Constructor Theory REWRITE Physics? 01:43: ... can derive all of thermodynamics and Newtonian mechanics and electromagnetism and so on from two master theories: quantum ... 02:40: ... uses theories like general relativity and quantum mechanics, along with more fundamental conservation laws, or principles, to rule ... 04:42: For example, understanding the union of quantum mechanics and general relativity. 05:44: Again, this task is impossible, since it’s ruled out by the laws of quantum mechanics and the principle of conservation of energy. 09:55: It doesn't need the dynamical laws of such a theory, or even of quantum mechanics or general relativity as they currently stand. 10:51: ... Heisenberg came up with the first version of quantum mechanics by stripping away all but the bare facts about the nature of ...
	2021-10-13: New Results in Quantum Tunneling vs. The Speed of Light 00:26: Quantum tunneling is one of the weirder phenomena in the generally very weird world of quantum mechanics. 00:55: Now we covered quantum tunneling a long long time ago - in fact it was the first video we did on quantum mechanics. 01:51: ... similar thing happens in the world of quantum mechanics, where particles are pushed and pulled by the fundamental forces, forming ... 04:31: ... the so-called tunneling time because, in the fuzzy world of quantum mechanics, it’s hard to even define what we mean by tunnelling time or time for ... 17:04: And that process actually evades Hogwart's security wards because the wizards are rubbish at quantum mechanics.
	2021-10-05: Why Magnetic Monopoles SHOULD Exist 04:24: But what about quantum mechanics? 04:37: ... arose automatically from requiring that the equations of quantum mechanics had a particular symmetry - the measurements they predict are unaltered ... 05:27: Quantum mechanics, as the saying goes, forbids it. 06:52: In quantum mechanics, this works by shifting the phase of the particle’s wavefunction. 08:45: Charge turns out to be quantized, so quantum mechanics doesn’t actually forbid monopoles.
	2021-09-21: How Electron Spin Makes Matter Possible 00:26: ... That particular weirdness is not just another cute case of quantum mechanics being a bit silly. The fact that some particles have this property is ... 18:44: ... I love astrophysics like my awe-inspiring first born child. But quantum mechanics is my weird and brilliant and deeply compelling second born and I love ...
	2021-09-07: First Detection of Light from Behind a Black Hole 12:26: Blinkist has an array of categories – from the science of Quantum Mechanics to philosophy to futurism.
	2021-08-10: How to Communicate Across the Quantum Multiverse 00:00: ... quantum timeline. I figured out the secret truth behind quantum mechanics and I’m sending it to Matt in your timeline so he can tell you. Stand ... 01:29: ... principle. This principle also applies to the wavefunction in quantum mechanics. ... 01:46: ... the Many Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, the universal wavefunction is the reality, encompassing all possible ... 02:29: ... are other ways to interpret the math of quantum mechanics that don’t require a multiverse. For example there’s the Copenhagen ... 02:56: ... now approaching 100 years since the discovery of quantum mechanics, and we still don’t know which of these - if any - are right. So what’s ... 06:28: ... as we usually write it is a perfectly linear equation, and in quantum mechanics it’s always assumed that linearity and the superposition principle hold. ... 12:00: ... really just serves as a proof of concept that in a non-linear quantum mechanics, actions can influence the entire wavefunction - spanning different ... 12:47: ... to summarize: either quantum mechanics is perfectly linear and you should forget I said anything, OR it’s ... 12:00: ... really just serves as a proof of concept that in a non-linear quantum mechanics, actions can influence the entire wavefunction - spanning different “worlds”. ...
	2021-08-03: How An Extreme New Star Could Change All Cosmology 06:21: ... have to occupy the same energy states. But that’s forbidden by quantum mechanics - specifically, by the Pauli exclusion principle, which tells us that ... 08:05: ... white dwarf it must also be the most massive. Doing a little quantum mechanics, it was found that it must weigh in at 1.32 times the Sun’s mass. And ... 14:14: ... we’d probably have sunk to space-themed reaction videos and quantum mechanics based pranks. As always, thanks for everything. And today’s extra ... 06:21: ... have to occupy the same energy states. But that’s forbidden by quantum mechanics - specifically, by the Pauli exclusion principle, which tells us that ... 14:14: ... we’d probably have sunk to space-themed reaction videos and quantum mechanics based pranks. As always, thanks for everything. And today’s extra special ...
	2021-07-21: How Magnetism Shapes The Universe 13:47: ... are the alternate worlds in the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics? ... 18:20: ... Barefoot also point out that this divide isn’t needed for quantum mechanics to work - its perhaps only helpful in making us less freaked out by the ... 18:42: Really, that entire series can be framed as an alternative interpretation of quantum mechanics.
	2021-07-13: Where Are The Worlds In Many Worlds? 00:00: ... many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics proposes that every time a quantum event gets decided, the universe ... 00:44: We’ve talked before about this interpretation of quantum mechanics, and whether it’s plausibly true. 01:47: ... wave mechanics, this principle tells us that when two waves overlap, their amplitude - ... 03:13: But the superposition principle seems to always hold for the waves that drive quantum mechanics. 03:35: And by jump through a pond I mean learn some quantum mechanics. 03:39: Quantum mechanics is a theory about waves. 04:32: The actual mechanics of quantum mechanics is all about determining the shape and evolution of the wavefunction. 05:22: ... most mainstream interpretation of quantum mechanics - the Copenhagen Interpretation - tells us that the wavefunction ... 00:00: ... many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics proposes that every time a quantum event gets decided, the universe splits so ...
	2021-07-07: Electrons DO NOT Spin 00:00: ... mechanics has a lot of weird stuff  - but there’s one thing that everyone ... 07:30: ... that. To understand why we need to see how spin is described in quantum mechanics. It  was again Pauli who had the first big success here. By the mid ... 10:33: ... of the  conservation of momentum. For related reasons in quantum mechanics position and  momentum are conjugate ... 07:30: ... that. To understand why we need to see how spin is described in quantum mechanics. It  was again Pauli who had the first big success here. By the mid 1920s ... 10:33: ... of the  conservation of momentum. For related reasons in quantum mechanics position and  momentum are conjugate ...
	2021-06-23: How Quantum Entanglement Creates Entropy 06:38: ... Neumann entropy is about, let’s think  about information in quantum mechanics.   Quantum systems are described by what we call the wavefunction - ...
	2021-06-16: Can Space Be Infinitely Divided? 01:16: ... the subatomic world. We now see it everywhere   in quantum mechanics - it’s a fundamental constant of nature that defines the scale of ...
	2021-06-09: Are We Running Out of Space Above Earth? 16:05: ... explains one of the most vexing paradoxes in the field of domestic mechanics - as in it explains what happened to your lost socks or screws or the ...
	2021-05-25: What If (Tiny) Black Holes Are Everywhere? 00:50: ... a young genius named Stephen Hawking showed that if you bring quantum mechanics into the equation, quite literally, then the black hole is neither black ... 01:07: In a way quantum mechanics saves us from the eternal black hole … except perhaps that it doesn’t. 01:16: ... of the black hole all the way to the very last instant - quantum mechanics may well play a second trick and save that final speck of the black hole ... 04:02: Researchers have come up with different hacks for combining general relativity and quantum mechanics and they reached the same conclusion. 06:48: ... is the size-scale where general relativity and quantum mechanics come into hopeless conflict, and is sometimes thought of as the smallest ... 09:36: That breaks one of the most sacred rules of quantum mechanics - the conservation of quantum information. 01:07: In a way quantum mechanics saves us from the eternal black hole … except perhaps that it doesn’t.
	2021-05-19: Breaking The Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle 00:00: Quantum mechanics forbids us from measuringthe universe beyond a certain level of precision. 01:41: ... quantum mechanics, we call these pairs of properties complementary variables, and the ... 01:58: Werner Heisenberg discovered the uncertainty principle when he was inventing his version of quantum mechanics back in the 1920s. 02:05: That version is called matrix mechanics, but we get the same uncertainty principle using the wave mechanics of Schrodinger. 03:02: Heisenberg took his new idea to Niels Bohr - his mentor and one of the co-founders of quantum mechanics. 03:18: ... trying to reconcile the perplexing apparent contradictions in quantum mechanics. ... 09:56: The use of squeezed light is just one example of how quantum mechanics can be used to increase measurement precision. 00:00: Quantum mechanics forbids us from measuringthe universe beyond a certain level of precision.
	2021-05-11: How To Know If It's Aliens 14:48: ... our final theory of nature because it doesn’t perfectly gel with quantum mechanics. So maybe a theory of quantum gravity will reveal that warp drives are ...
	2021-04-21: The NEW Warp Drive Possibilities 16:40: Actually, in quantum mechanics, velocity isn’t just change in position with time. 17:14: So we can conclude that Odin knew quantum mechanics. 17:47: So maybe Odin learned his quantum mechanics watching space time like the rest of us. 16:40: Actually, in quantum mechanics, velocity isn’t just change in position with time. 17:47: So maybe Odin learned his quantum mechanics watching space time like the rest of us.
	2021-03-23: Zeno's Paradox & The Quantum Zeno Effect 00:04: This has now been proven true by quantum mechanics. 01:07: That’s what a mathematician might tell you - but quantum mechanics also has a thing or two to say about extremely tiny distances and time intervals. 02:52: In the language of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, we say that the “wavefunction collapses” on observation. 08:43: ... objection gets to the very foundations of quantum mechanics: what exactly do we mean by a “measurement” and what do we mean by ... 12:17: ... give us clues to unravel the deepest mysteries at the heart of quantum mechanics. ... 13:04: ... the course you’ll explore everything from time in quantum mechanics to black hole entropy and learn what cutting-edge science has to say ...
	2021-03-16: The NEW Crisis in Cosmology 16:28: ... feels like Feynman's  path integral formulation of quantum mechanics.   For those who don't know, the path integral calculates the ...
	2021-02-24: Does Time Cause Gravity? 07:25: But actually general relativity doesn’t need quantum mechanics to explain gravity.
	2021-01-19: Can We Break the Universe? 14:15: ... question: Could it be that asking which interpretation of quantum mechanics is "true" is like asking if light is made up of particles or if light is ...
	2021-01-12: What Happens During a Quantum Jump? 00:00: Since the very beginning of quantum mechanics, a debate has raged about how to interpret its bizarre predictions. 00:24: The notion of a quantum jump or quantum leap is one of the founding concepts of quantum mechanics. 00:52: But one of the principal founders of quantum mechanics thought otherwise. 01:56: ... Erwin Schrodinger to develop the first complete formulations of quantum mechanics in ... 02:34: To address questions like this, Bohr and Heisenberg teamed up to develop the “Copenhagen interpretation” of quantum mechanics. 11:44: For the longest time, physicists have shied away from asking which interpretation of quantum mechanics is correct. 00:52: But one of the principal founders of quantum mechanics thought otherwise.
	2020-12-22: Navigating with Quantum Entanglement 00:00: ... often think of quantum mechanics as only affecting only the smallest scales of reality, with classical ... 00:29: Because it turns out we might need all the weirdness of quantum mechanics to explain birds. 01:52: How do they do it and what does quantum mechanics have to do with all of this? 05:33: And this is where quantum mechanics comes in. 10:54: So Erwin Schrodinger’s ideas about quantum mechanics influencing living organisms may be right.
	2020-12-15: The Supernova At The End of Time 03:37: The new science of quantum mechanics had shattered our classical understanding of the world in many ways. 15:21: This one depends entirely on your choice of interpretation of quantum mechanics.
	2020-12-08: Why Do You Remember The Past But Not The Future? 13:18: Ryan Christopherson asks whether the random nature of quantum mechanics isn’t a larger hurdle to the reversibility of time than entropy. 13:33: ... answer is that yes, IF quantum mechanics is fundamentally random, and IF the wavefunction collapse is a random ... 13:18: Ryan Christopherson asks whether the random nature of quantum mechanics isn’t a larger hurdle to the reversibility of time than entropy.
	2020-11-18: The Arrow of Time and How to Reverse It 00:24: ... a universe in rewind. That’s true from the subatomic realm of quantum mechanics to the cosmic realm of Einstein’s general relativity. But if time ... 11:16: ... And our brains use those random numbers as part of their choice-making mechanics. They become informational fuel for our choices.. Now if those random ...
	2020-11-11: Can Free Will be Saved in a Deterministic Universe? 02:15: But understanding the implications of quantum mechanics is key to unraveling determinism and its connection to predictability. 02:22: Quantum mechanics seems to tell us that one of the following is true. 02:46: One of the most important rules of quantum mechanics is the principle of conservation of quantum information. 05:13: If we demand number four, that there's no underlying non-free-willed mechanics to the process of choice, then free will probably is indeed dead. 05:42: That said, the most mainstream interpretation of quantum mechanics has the same problem. 10:17: All possible futures exist and develop according to the laws of quantum mechanics.
	2020-11-04: Electroweak Theory and the Origin of the Fundamental Forces 01:36: While the brand new field of quantum mechanics could describe the behaviour of electrons, nuclear processes remained mysterious. 04:50: ... try an example: In quantum mechanics, the wavefunction determines the probabilities of certain outcomes being ...
	2020-10-27: How The Penrose Singularity Theorem Predicts The End of Space Time 11:10: ... The resolution must be the union of general relativity and quantum mechanics - a   theory of quantum gravity, from which both ... 12:51: ... block universe,   but this time weaving in what quantum  mechanics had to say about the whole mess.   Quantum mechanics had a few ... 13:38: ... communication between worlds, but only works if   quantum mechanics works in a particular non-linear way We should probably do an ... 11:10: ... The resolution must be the union of general relativity and quantum mechanics - a   theory of quantum gravity, from which both ... 13:38: ... communication between worlds, but only works if   quantum mechanics works in a particular non-linear way We should probably do an episode on ...
	2020-10-20: Is The Future Predetermined By Quantum Mechanics? 02:38: We need to see what quantum mechanics says about determinism and how it plays with relativity and the block universe. 02:46: According to quantum mechanics, physical systems, parts of the universe evolve as wave functions. 04:23: ... evolves in a precise way, perfectly defined by the equations of quantum mechanics but at the moment of measurement, a single reality is randomly selected ... 04:45: Another popular interpretation of quantum mechanics is the Many-Worlds Interpretation, which simply states that the wave function never collapses. 11:06: Copenhagen and Many-Worlds aren't the only interpretations of quantum mechanics in town. 11:10: ... that guides particles in a perfectly determined way defined by Bohmiam mechanics. ... 11:27: ... unfortunately, no one has convincingly figured out how to make Bohmian mechanics work properly with special ... 02:46: According to quantum mechanics, physical systems, parts of the universe evolve as wave functions. 11:27: ... unfortunately, no one has convincingly figured out how to make Bohmian mechanics work properly with special ...
	2020-10-13: Do the Past and Future Exist? 01:44: Now quantum mechanics might argue otherwise, depending on which quantum mechanics you prefer, but we’ll come back to in an upcoming episode. 12:00: To rescue materialism without demanding a perfectly defined personal future we need quantum mechanics. 12:07: ... mechanics tells us that all this stuff outside our past lightcone - and even ... 12:17: Depending on how you interpret quantum mechanics, that could be evidence in favor of this solipsistic denial of external reality. 12:35: ... ideas before - the Copenhagen and Many Worlds interpretations of quantum mechanics - but soon we’ll dive back in, to see what these idea imply about time, ... 12:07: ... mechanics tells us that all this stuff outside our past lightcone - and even unobserved ...
	2020-09-28: Solving Quantum Cryptography 06:59: ... realities if you’re into the Many Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics. ...
	2020-09-08: The Truth About Beauty in Physics 07:19: ... Dirac, one of the principal founders of quantum mechanics, said “It is more important to have beauty in one's equation than to have ... 11:30: His idea of introducing a new symmetry to space was translated to adding a new symmetry to the wavefunction in quantum mechanics.
	2020-09-01: How Do We Know What Stars Are Made Of? 06:04: The brand new field of quantum mechanics was emerging in Europe, and a young astrophysicist named Cecilia Payne had just arrived at Harvard.
	2020-08-10: Theory of Everything Controversies: Livestream 00:00: ... on space time our great quest to understand the universe to find the mechanics of base reality and to understand why our universe exists at all seem ...
	2020-07-28: What is a Theory of Everything: Livestream 00:00: ... so he's worked in fields from cosmology to the foundations of quantum mechanics and now actually working deep in the field of deep learning and he's ...
	2020-07-08: Does Antimatter Explain Why There's Something Rather Than Nothing? 04:05: ... of matter, and would undo a lot of what we think we know about quantum mechanics. So, good news bad news I ...
	2020-05-11: How Luminiferous Aether Led to Relativity 06:22: ... so we get to the end of the 19th Century. With Newton’s mechanics and gravity, Huygen’s optics, Maxwell’s electromagnetism, physics seemed ... 07:19: ... the Galilean transformation, which is part of the foundation of Newton’s mechanics. I were a smug 19th century physicist, I’d wanna hope Galilean relativity ... 11:20: ... Galilean relativity, and so revealed a crack in the sacred Newtonian mechanics. This directly inspired Hendrik Lorentz to derive his Lorentz ...
	2020-04-28: Space Time Livestream: Ask Matt Anything 00:00: ... be conserved it is quantum information and the reason is that quantum mechanics really really depends on the on the on this one concept on the ...
	2020-03-16: How Do Quantum States Manifest In The Classical World? 00:44: ... mechanics tells us that the atom’s wavefunction can be in a superposition of ... 00:57: ... seems absurd - but quantum mechanics appears to allow this. In fact the idea of superposition is fundamental ... 04:28: ... up with to demonstrate an apparent absurdity predicted by pure quantum mechanics. This is the so-called Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen, or EPR paradox. A high ... 15:28: ... a thought experiment to test the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics - quantum immortality, aka quantum suicide, in which a physicist will ... 17:40: ... to more probable measurement results. It's analogous to statistical mechanics, in which many different arrangements of air in the room lead to the same ... 15:28: ... a thought experiment to test the many worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics - quantum immortality, aka quantum suicide, in which a physicist will ... 00:57: ... seems absurd - but quantum mechanics appears to allow this. In fact the idea of superposition is fundamental to ... 00:44: ... mechanics tells us that the atom’s wavefunction can be in a superposition of states - ...
	2020-03-03: Does Quantum Immortality Save Schrödinger's Cat? 00:22: In the last couple of episodes we’ve been delving into a key mystery of quantum mechanics - why don’t we have quantum magical powers? 01:18: ... in one of them, we need to embrace one of the interpretations of quantum mechanics. ... 05:21: ... because the chance survival under any other interpretation of quantum mechanics is basically ... 11:51: ... both our episodes on the role of conscious observation in quantum mechanics and on quantum decoherence as a better path to understanding the ... 15:44: ... is pleased that we share his annoyance at horrible missuse of quantum mechanics to promote pseudoscientific ... 15:55: As Nick says, "Quantum mechanics is not magic!". 16:41: ... a more interesting question than does consciousness influcence quantum mechanics is the other way around: "Does quantum mechanics influence ... 16:54: Despite my fascination with the subject, I've dosed off in MANY quantum mechanics lectures. 00:22: In the last couple of episodes we’ve been delving into a key mystery of quantum mechanics - why don’t we have quantum magical powers? 16:41: ... influcence quantum mechanics is the other way around: "Does quantum mechanics influence ... 16:54: Despite my fascination with the subject, I've dosed off in MANY quantum mechanics lectures.
	2020-02-24: How Decoherence Splits The Quantum Multiverse 02:44: This fact is also reflected in Richard Feynman’s path integral formulation of quantum mechanics. 03:11: ... general wave mechanics, we say that a set of waves are coherent if they match in frequency and ... 06:53: And this is one of the weird, multiple history aspects of quantum mechanics that we can directly observe. 14:19: ... it does - in the context of the Many Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, in which there is no wavefunction collapses at ...
	2020-02-18: Does Consciousness Influence Quantum Mechanics? 00:00: If I focus really hard do my power of quantum mechanics allow me to manifest reality? 00:08: No, but then why did some of the founders of the theory seem to think that consciousness and quantum mechanics were inextricably linked. 00:41: ... of quantum system - rules encapsulated in the mathematics of quantum mechanics. ... 00:52: ... success, we are now nearly a century past the foundation of quantum mechanics and physicists are still debating how to interpret its equations and the ... 01:32: ... to need to go back to one of the earliest interpretations of quantum mechanics - the Copenhagen interpretation, often associated with Neils Bohr and ... 09:40: ... as Richard Feynman said, "If you think you understand quantum mechanics, you don't understand quantum mechanics." The more you know about this ... 09:56: And yet the most confident claims about quantum mechanics seem to be the mystical ones. 01:32: ... to need to go back to one of the earliest interpretations of quantum mechanics - the Copenhagen interpretation, often associated with Neils Bohr and ...
	2020-01-27: Hacking the Nature of Reality 00:14: The year is 1925 and the young Werner Heisenberg is striving to understand the mechanics of the newly-discovered electron orbitals of hydrogen. 00:24: ... - he sought a model that ignored the fundamentally unobservable internal mechanics. ... 00:54: ... birth of modern quantum theory and first complete formulation of quantum mechanics - matrix ... 01:08: ... representations of quantum mechanics soon followed - for example, the wave mechanics driven by the ... 01:21: These became better known than matrix mechanics, but the underlying philosophy of the Heisenberg representation was not forgotten. 01:53: ... its importance in the foundation of quantum mechanics, and being championed by Bohr and Heisenberg, most physicists over the ... 05:03: In fact, it's still a very important tool in quantum mechanics today. 09:11: ... S-matrix approach to solving problems in quantum mechanics based on these global consistency conditions and taking advantage of ... 12:56: ... the observables”- the amplituhedron doesn’t just eliminate the fiddly mechanics of quantum field theory, it removes the very concepts of space and ... 00:54: ... birth of modern quantum theory and first complete formulation of quantum mechanics - matrix ... 09:11: ... S-matrix approach to solving problems in quantum mechanics based on these global consistency conditions and taking advantage of ... 01:08: ... of quantum mechanics soon followed - for example, the wave mechanics driven by the Schrodinger equation and Paul Dirac’s notation representing ... 05:03: In fact, it's still a very important tool in quantum mechanics today.
	2020-01-20: Solving the Three Body Problem 10:30: ... of position and velocity. Well, for a pseudo-random system, statistical mechanics lets us calculate the probability of the system being in any part of ... 12:21: ... 10^8 million terms to converge for a typical calculation in celestial mechanics. That is a lot of sheets of ...
	2019-12-09: The Doomsday Argument 13:11: ... of humanity, the nature of space and time, the weirdness of quantum mechanics - you name ...
	2019-12-02: Is The Universe Finite? 12:30: ... this course you can explore the experiments of quantum mechanics and use them to construct equations of motion, laws of physics, and ...
	2019-10-21: Is Time Travel Impossible? 10:54: ... alternative lies in Hugh Everett’s many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics, in which every possible universe exists, splitting off in an infinite ...
	2019-10-15: Loop Quantum Gravity Explained 01:09: Back in the day we talked about why combining quantum mechanics with general relativity was so hard. 01:16: ... example, there’s the fact that general relativity - or perhaps quantum mechanics breaks down when we think about the extreme densities of the black hole ... 01:46: ... mechanics, and indeed most theories in physics, involve a set of equations ... 02:06: In quantum mechanics that stage is flat and static and isn’t influenced by the actors. 02:18: In short: quantum mechanics is NOT background independent. 03:30: So just quickly, let’s review all of quantum mechanics. 03:50: But in quantum mechanics, things aren’t so straightforward. 04:06: In the first formulations of quantum mechanics, that wavefunction describes the distribution of possible positions and momenta of, say, a particle. 04:30: ... all, the position and momentum of quantum mechanics literally describes location on a spatial coordinate system and the ... 04:43: There are other ways to formulate quantum mechanics, like quantum field theory, but these ultimately have the same issue But it gets worse actually. 04:51: In quantum mechanics, time is treated completely separately to other variables - there is no “time wavefunction” or “time operator”. 05:19: ... equations of quantum mechanics let you calculate changing properties of a particle- - like its position ... 11:01: ... gravity is that it manages to combine general relativity and quantum mechanics in their currently accepted forms, without taking away their most ... 01:16: ... example, there’s the fact that general relativity - or perhaps quantum mechanics breaks down when we think about the extreme densities of the black hole or the ... 04:30: ... all, the position and momentum of quantum mechanics literally describes location on a spatial coordinate system and the change in that ... 03:50: But in quantum mechanics, things aren’t so straightforward. 04:51: In quantum mechanics, time is treated completely separately to other variables - there is no “time wavefunction” or “time operator”.
	2019-09-23: Is Pluto a Planet? 03:19: That same motion almost perfectly reflected the clockwork predictions of Newtonian mechanics.
	2019-08-06: What Caused the Big Bang? 02:14: In the case of inflation part of the appeal is that it fits extremely nicely into our modern understanding of gravity and quantum mechanics.
	2019-07-18: Did Time Start at the Big Bang? 08:52: ... and just after, GR comes into terrible conflict with quantum mechanics We've talked about that conflict and its possible resolutions before But ...
	2019-07-15: The Quantum Internet 01:00: To understand what needs to be done we need to get to the foundations of quantum mechanics - we need to talk about quantum information theory. 01:58: ... enjoy all of the weirdness of quantum mechanics - they can be in a superposition of many states at once, defined only ... 01:00: To understand what needs to be done we need to get to the foundations of quantum mechanics - we need to talk about quantum information theory. 01:58: ... enjoy all of the weirdness of quantum mechanics - they can be in a superposition of many states at once, defined only when ...
	2019-06-06: The Alchemy of Neutron Star Collisions 13:02: ... wavefunction - can't Has Cheezburger just by talking about it quantum mechanics forbids that anyway I'm sure grumpy is now in meme heaven looking down ...
	2019-05-16: The Cosmic Dark Ages 13:07: ... encryption - ways to secure messages using the weirdness of quantum mechanics. One thing I learned is that you guys already know a lot about classical ... 14:48: ... was as a way to describe some of the crazy properties of quantum mechanics. Hopefully we managed to do ...
	2019-05-09: Why Quantum Computing Requires Quantum Cryptography 00:35: ... perhaps very soon, we’ll be interacting with the weirdness of quantum mechanics even more directly – with the coming of quantum computing and the ... 04:21: Each highlights a different fundamental weirdness of quantum mechanics – the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and quantum entanglement. 10:40: Another way to generate secure keys using quantum mechanics was developed by Artur Ekert in 1991.
	2019-04-10: The Holographic Universe Explained 02:23: But destroying quantum information would break the foundations of quantum mechanics.
	2019-04-03: The Edge of an Infinite Universe 08:01: That’s handy because flat space is the only space where quantum mechanics is fully solvable. 14:31: Quantum mechanics in the form of a conformal field theory in one space is a theory of quantum gravity in a space with one higher dimension.
	2019-03-06: The Impossibility of Perpetual Motion Machines 06:50: In fact, quantum mechanics forbids it.
	2019-01-30: Perpetual Motion From Negative Mass? 03:19: OK, so how do negative masses work in Newtonian mechanics? 08:42: But this should crudely translate to the case of two equal-sized objects, although not in the simple, linear style of Newtonian mechanics. 11:10: ... arises directly from the equivalence principle, or from Lagrangian mechanics – a more modern version of Newton’s laws of ...
	2019-01-24: The Crisis in Cosmology 16:41: ...and is used in, for example, Feynman's path integral formulation of quantum mechanics.
	2019-01-16: Our Antimatter, Mirrored, Time-Reversed Universe 08:43: ... conserve quantum information which itself is required for all of quantum mechanics to make sense - well to get at this we're going to need to talk about ... 10:26: ... Feynman - it's essential to his path integral approach to quantum mechanics and to Feynman diagrams maybe that's why he was so into building ... 10:54: ... there's the whole entropy business although it's connection to quantum mechanics is still not well understood like I said this simple interpretation of T ...
	2018-12-20: Why String Theory is Wrong 09:30: In a duality two apparently contradictory way of describing the mechanics of the universe can lead to exactly the same results. 10:09: We will glimpse the mechanics and the implications of s-duality, as we look deeper into m-theory and holography in the future.
	2018-12-12: Quantum Physics in a Mirror Universe 00:02: ... and even the rather abstract phase of the wave function in quantum mechanics so it might be surprising to learn that with all the weird ways in which ...
	2018-11-07: Why String Theory is Right 00:06: ... as the one great hope for a theory of everything that will unify quantum mechanics and gravity and so unify all of physics into one great, glorious theory ... 02:50: ... immune to the main difficulty in uniting general relativity with quantum mechanics. ... 07:46: A really important type of symmetry in quantum mechanics is gauge symmetry. 08:54: So in a way, electromagnetism was discovered in its quantum form by studying the symmetries of quantum mechanics. 14:14: ... week we talked about one of the most misunderstood concepts in quantum mechanics, the idea of virtual particles and their tenuous connection to ... 16:39: Quantum mechanics can't tell us whether anyone cares.
	2018-10-31: Are Virtual Particles A New Layer of Reality? 08:40: Did I mention that quantum mechanics is weird? 09:20: ... mode should have 0 energy in a vacuum, but in quantum mechanics, nothing can be so exact-- thanks, again, to the Heisenberg uncertainty ...
	2018-10-18: What are the Strings in String Theory? 00:33: In physics, we like to reduce our description of the mechanics of reality down to the simplest possible form.
	2018-10-10: Computing a Universe Simulation 00:32: ... in the simulation nest, we can still think of our universe's underlying mechanics as ... 01:48: ... of any physical reality as a computation, so long as it's underlying mechanics are rules-based evolution over ... 02:01: That includes most formulations of quantum mechanics and proposals for theories of everything. 11:41: ... in particular very standard ideas on general relativity and quantum mechanics, to figure out the computational properties of our ...
	2018-10-03: How to Detect Extra Dimensions 14:43: ... quickfire answers-- John Gibbs-- yes, if general relativity and quantum mechanics are both right, then we should have Planck-length virtual black holes ...
	2018-09-20: Quantum Gravity and the Hardest Problem in Physics 00:00: [MUSIC PLAYING] MATT O'DOWD: Between them, general relativity and quantum mechanics seem to describe all of observable reality. 00:47: Together, general relativity and quantum mechanics have allowed us to explain nearly every fundamental phenomenon observed. 01:29: What exactly are the conflicts between general relativity, or GR, and quantum mechanics? 02:17: Where general relativity describes the universe of the large and the massive, quantum mechanics talks about the subatomic world. 11:27: Generations of physicists, starting with Einstein himself, spent their lives trying to fix this to unite quantum mechanics and general relativity. 02:17: Where general relativity describes the universe of the large and the massive, quantum mechanics talks about the subatomic world.
	2018-09-05: The Black Hole Entropy Enigma 02:25: But a fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics is that quantum information can never be destroyed.
	2018-08-23: How Will the Universe End? 15:25: ... the answer is, essentially, that as far as quantum mechanics is concerned, size is a property of composite particles, things that are ...
	2018-08-15: Quantum Theory's Most Incredible Prediction 12:31: We have to conclude that we are getting closer and closer to the truth in our search for theories to explain the underlying mechanics of space time.
	2018-08-01: How Close To The Sun Can Humanity Get? 10:27: ... Maxwell-- one of the founding fathers of electrodynamics and statistical mechanics-- because demons don't ...
	2018-07-25: Reversing Entropy with Maxwell's Demon 04:59: As well as unifying the equations of electromagnetism, James Clerk Maxwell was one of the founders of statistical mechanics.
	2018-07-18: The Misunderstood Nature of Entropy 03:46: ... to understand the reality of entropy, that revolution was statistical mechanics, founded by the great Ludwig Boltzmann with his kinetic theory of ... 07:38: Statistical mechanics tells us why large-scale systems have the properties they do, but what does this have to do with entropy? 09:41: ... mechanics inevitably leads to entropy and the second law, and it does so by ... 10:45: ... you, until I see you next week on "Space Time." The field of statistical mechanics has given us some of the most profound insights into the working of both ... 03:46: ... to understand the reality of entropy, that revolution was statistical mechanics, founded by the great Ludwig Boltzmann with his kinetic theory of ... 09:41: ... mechanics inevitably leads to entropy and the second law, and it does so by something so ... 07:38: Statistical mechanics tells us why large-scale systems have the properties they do, but what does this have to do with entropy?
	2018-07-11: Quantum Invariance & The Origin of The Standard Model 02:31: That's the most basic equation of motion of quantum mechanics. 04:56: The equations of quantum mechanics have what we call global phase invariance.
	2018-06-20: The Black Hole Information Paradox 00:12: But that same radiation threatens the very foundations of quantum mechanics. 00:59: The apparent destruction of quantum information by Hawking radiation defies our current understanding of quantum mechanics. 01:37: We saw that the very foundations of quantum mechanics demand that quantum information be preserved forever. 07:07: And two, if it did, it would break quantum mechanics as surely as the old information paradox. 09:29: This led him to realize that the union of quantum mechanics and gravity may require that the entire 3D universe be a projection on a 2D structure. 12:07: ... from Newton's law all the way through gravitational field and celestial mechanics. ... 01:37: We saw that the very foundations of quantum mechanics demand that quantum information be preserved forever.
	2018-06-13: What Survives Inside A Black Hole? 10:31: We discussed recently why quantum mechanics demands the conservation of quantum information. 10:37: It's fundamental to quantum mechanics that the universe keeps track of its quantum states, which also means the types of particles it contains. 11:44: In our last episode we looked at what might be the most fundamental rule in quantum mechanics, the conservation of quantum information. 10:31: We discussed recently why quantum mechanics demands the conservation of quantum information.
	2018-05-23: Why Quantum Information is Never Destroyed 00:36: Newton's equations for classical mechanics, Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism, and the Schrodinger equation for quantum mechanics. 01:16: Today, we learn why conservation of information is such a fundamental requirement of quantum mechanics. 04:33: Actually, quantum mechanics forbids this. 04:45: To get at this, let's think about the basic equation of motion of quantum mechanics. 05:02: ... in quantum mechanics, that means the probability distribution of all of its properties, which ... 05:51: ... of information, as do the more advanced formulations of quantum mechanics, like the Dirac equation and quantum field ... 06:49: And this unitarity is a foundational assumption in all formulations of quantum mechanics and quantum field theories. 07:58: But all of this talk of quantum mechanics being deterministic seems a bit at odds with the idea of quantum randomness and the uncertainty principle. 08:41: ... of the wave function in the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics actually does mess with conservation of ... 09:14: ... interpretations of quantum mechanics, for example, Everett's many-worlds or the de Broglie-Bohm pilot wave ... 09:43: There is one situation where time-reversibility appears to be broken regardless of your favorite interpretation of quantum mechanics. 04:33: Actually, quantum mechanics forbids this. 00:36: Newton's equations for classical mechanics, Maxwell's equations for electromagnetism, and the Schrodinger equation for quantum mechanics.
	2018-05-16: Noether's Theorem and The Symmetries of Reality 05:00: The law of conservation of energy is fundamental in Newtonian mechanics, in which space and time are unvarying and eternal. 06:43: ... can be used to derive the laws of motion from the equations of classical mechanics to Feynman's path integral formulation of quantum ... 09:01: ... Weyl, also a giant in the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics, said in her memorial address, I was ashamed to occupy such a preferred ...
	2018-04-18: Using Stars to See Gravitational Waves 09:10: ... of courses that will guide you step-by-step from the basics of classical mechanics through the intricacies of Newtonian ...
	2018-04-04: The Unruh Effect 01:19: To understand this, we don't need general relativity with its space-time curvature and conflicts with quantum mechanics.
	2018-03-15: Hawking Radiation 01:31: ... this and in a follow-up 1975 paper, he attempted a new union of quantum mechanics and general relativity to show that black holes should not be so black ... 04:35: To answer that properly, he would need a full union of general relativity and quantum mechanics, a theory of quantum gravity, a theory of everything. 06:06: But to understand the effect of the close encounter with the black hole, he required an uneasy marriage of quantum mechanics and general relativity.
	2018-02-28: The Trebuchet Challenge 03:04: We could get into fluid or stellar dynamics, or even quantum mechanics.
	2018-02-14: What is Energy? 01:53: Newtonian mechanics had only recently revolutionized physics. 03:04: But that's just Newtonian mechanics. 06:55: Just adding conservation of energy to Newton's mechanics gives an extra constraint that allows us to solve problems we couldn't otherwise. 07:08: Newtonian mechanics is great at describing the motion of simple systems of a few rigid objects. 07:56: ... the concept of energy and its conservation has led to new types of mechanics that have supplanted Newtonian mechanics, for example Lagrange ... 08:12: It produces the same equations of motion as Newtonian mechanics but without having to keep track of those innumerable fiddly force vectors. 08:20: Then there's Hamiltonian mechanics, which traces the evolution of the total energy of the system. 08:25: ... other, giving us the virial theorem, or a roomful of air in statistical mechanics. ... 08:43: The concept of energy is so versatile that Hamilton's approach was even adapted to quantum mechanics. 09:05: Actually, Lagrangian mechanics makes a quantum comeback here. 09:09: The way it uses energy is inherently consistent with special relativity, unlike Hamiltonian mechanics. 09:19: Lagrangian mechanics is the inspiration behind Feynman's path integral approach to quantum mechanics.
	2018-01-17: Horizon Radiation 00:00: ... The most successful theory in physics combines the weirdness of quantum mechanics with, well, the weirdness of special relativity, to give quantum field ... 14:17: It feels like it's in the family of, we don't understand it, so it must be quantum mechanics.
	2017-12-13: The Origin of 'Oumuamua, Our First Interstellar Visitor 00:51: ... after 34 days of follow up observations, and a bit of orbital mechanics, it became abundantly clear that we were looking at the first object ever ...
	2017-12-06: Understanding the Uncertainty Principle with Quantum Fourier Series 00:07: Sometimes intuitive, large-scale phenomena can give us incredible insights into the extremely unintuitive world of quantum mechanics. 00:28: [MUSIC PLAYING] One of the most difficult ideas to swallow in quantum mechanics is Werner Heisenberg's famous uncertainty principle. 00:44: We've discussed it in earlier videos on quantum mechanics, but it's time we looked a little deeper. 02:16: To understand the origin of the uncertainty principle, we don't need to know any quantum mechanics, at least not to start with. 02:24: See, quantum mechanics is a type of wave mechanics. 02:29: However, it turns out that something like the uncertainty principle arises in any wave mechanics. 06:49: In the early days of quantum mechanics, it was realized that photons are electromagnetic wave packets whose momentum is given by their frequency. 10:12: So what does this old-school quantum mechanics have to do with quantum field theory and Hawking radiation? 11:59: ... even better, you could check out Benjamin Shoemaker's series, "Quantum Mechanics," which includes a great episode on the uncertainty ...
	2017-11-02: The Vacuum Catastrophe 04:12: In fact, in both quantum mechanics and classical mechanics, a particle's equations of motion depend only on changes in energy.
	2017-10-11: Absolute Cold 01:11: But quantum mechanics may also prevent us from ever reaching absolute zero. 04:59: However, the most fundamental law of quantum mechanics forbids this.
	2017-09-20: The Future of Space Telescopes 12:14: Basically, the electrons are crammed as close together as quantum mechanics allows.
	2017-08-10: The One-Electron Universe 01:46: ... formulation and the following spacetime interpretation of quantum mechanics, which won him the 1965 Nobel Prize in ...
	2017-07-26: The Secrets of Feynman Diagrams 00:42: ... to Feynman's approach to quantum mechanics, every conceivable happening that leads from a measured initial state to ...
	2017-07-12: Solving the Impossible in Quantum Field Theory 13:35: So the deal is that Schrodinger's equation is a special case of a more general formulation of quantum mechanics.
	2017-07-07: Feynman's Infinite Quantum Paths 00:00: ... PLAYING] Quantum mechanics seems to imply that all possible properties, paths, or events that could ... 00:13: ... of this crazy idea led to the most powerful expression of quantum mechanics ever devised-- Richard Feynman's path integral ... 01:46: There's a story about a quantum mechanics professor explaining the double-slit experiment to a class. 02:45: And he'd just outlined the basics of what was to become the path integral formulation of quantum mechanics. 02:53: But it led to the most elegant formulation of quantum mechanics ever devised and became a key to quantum field theory. 04:28: From that, it was possible for him and others to re-derive all of quantum mechanics. 07:51: ... equivalent to and more powerful than earlier derivations of quantum mechanics. ... 08:37: But Feynman's solution produced a quantum mechanics that didn't need fixing. 01:46: There's a story about a quantum mechanics professor explaining the double-slit experiment to a class.
	2017-06-28: The First Quantum Field Theory 00:24: [MUSIC PLAYING] Quantum mechanics is perhaps the most unintuitive theory ever devised. 00:41: Simply by following the math of quantum mechanics, incredible discoveries have been made. 00:46: Its wild success tells us that the mathematical description provided by quantum mechanics reflects deep truths about reality. 00:55: And by far the most successful, most predictive formulation of quantum mechanics is quantum field theory. 04:56: However, the first full formulation of quantum mechanics was Schrodinger's equation and it couldn't account for light at all. 06:32: But bean counting in this way is not just inefficient in quantum mechanics. 12:45: ... to learn more about the relationship and the conflict between quantum mechanics and relativity, check out the course, The Theory of Everything, by ... 14:26: ... 100 asks, "Why was it possible to make quantum mechanics compatible with special relativity when we're still struggling to ... 00:41: Simply by following the math of quantum mechanics, incredible discoveries have been made. 00:46: Its wild success tells us that the mathematical description provided by quantum mechanics reflects deep truths about reality.
	2017-06-21: Anti-Matter and Quantum Relativity 00:24: And the emerging field of quantum mechanics had radically altered our understanding of the fundamental building blocks of the universe. 05:55: It contains the marks of both quantum mechanics, in the Planck constant, and relativity, in the speed of light. 10:53: ... incredible insight in combining quantum mechanics and relativity reveal an entire flip side of our universe, with its ...
	2017-05-03: Are We Living in an Ancestor Simulation? ft. Neil deGrasse Tyson 14:04: The truth of that statement depends on which interpretation of quantum mechanics you want to go with.
	2017-03-15: Time Crystals! 09:08: Time crystals could also help bridge the gap between quantum mechanics and general relativity. 09:21: And unlike in relativity, quantum mechanics treats space and time very differently to each other.
	2016-12-08: What Happens at the Event Horizon? 16:59: Something I took from this is that Bohmian mechanics is, on its own, very unlikely to be the full picture, even ignoring the whole relativity issue. 17:31: More accurately, De Broglie remained convinced of the objections raised against his idea, even after some of them were addressed in Bohmian mechanics. 18:34: ... to return to it by Bohm's publication, even if he didn't buy Bohmian mechanics. ... 19:07: Personally, I'm agnostic towards the relative truth behind the Copenhagen, many-worlds, pilot wave, or the other interpretations of quantum mechanics.
	2016-11-30: Pilot Wave Theory and Quantum Realism 00:00: ... PLAYING] There is one interpretation of the meaning of quantum mechanics that somehow manages to skip a lot of the wildly extravagant or ... 00:26: ... PLAYING] Misinterpretation of the ideas of quantum mechanics has spawned some of the worst quackery pseudoscience hoo-ha and ... 00:47: There are some pretty out there explanations for the processes at work behind the incredibly successful mathematics of quantum mechanics. 01:19: But there is one interpretation of quantum mechanics that remains comfortably, almost stodgily, physical. 01:30: ... theory, also known as Bohmian mechanics, stands in striking contrast to the much more mainstream ideas of, for ... 01:47: Pilot-wave theory is perhaps the most solidly physical, even mundane, of the complete and self-consistent interpretations of quantum mechanics. 02:08: And the founding fathers of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics-- Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg-- were radicals. 04:13: That's the equation at the heart of all quantum mechanics that tells the wave function how to change across space and time. 04:21: This means that pilot-wave theory makes the same basic predictions as any other breed of quantum mechanics. 06:00: The result was Bohmian mechanics, also known as de Broglie-Bohm pilot-wave theory. 06:21: See, although pilot-wave theory makes all of the usual predictions of quantum mechanics, it has some really fundamental differences. 07:32: A more troubling requirement of Bohmian mechanics is that it does contain real complexity that is not encoded in the wave function. 07:44: Bohmian mechanics has so-called hidden variables, details about the state of the particle that are not described by the wave function. 08:00: But hidden variables have a bad rap in quantum mechanics. 08:57: This helped the resuscitation of pilot-wave theory, because Bohmian mechanics doesn't use local hidden variables-- its hidden variables are global. 10:56: While regular mechanics has quantum field theory as its relativistic version, pilot-wave theory hasn't quite got there yet. 11:21: This is not consistent with quantum field theory, and so there isn't a complete relativistic formulation of Bohmian mechanics yet. 11:33: Now let's not even start talking about gravity-- no version of quantum mechanics has that sorted out. 11:55: ... us that it's possible to have a consistent interpretation of quantum mechanics that is both physical and deterministic, no hoo-ha ... 12:10: Maybe something like pilot-waves really do drive the microscopic mechanics of spacetime. 08:57: This helped the resuscitation of pilot-wave theory, because Bohmian mechanics doesn't use local hidden variables-- its hidden variables are global. 02:08: And the founding fathers of the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics-- Niels Bohr and Werner Heisenberg-- were radicals. 01:30: ... theory, also known as Bohmian mechanics, stands in striking contrast to the much more mainstream ideas of, for example, ...
	2016-11-09: Did Dark Energy Just Disappear? 13:17: I want to respond to some of your thoughts on both colonizing Mars, as well as on the Many Worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics.
	2016-10-26: The Many Worlds of the Quantum Multiverse 00:09: A huge outstanding question is when and why does the weirdness of quantum mechanics give way to classical physics. 01:24: Quantum mechanics very successfully predicts this result by describing each particle's journey as a superposition of all possible trajectories. 02:04: ... the original Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, the act of measurement was thought to collapse possibility space into a ... 02:24: One of the founders of quantum mechanics, Erwin Schrodinger, found this ridiculous. 05:52: This sounds outrageous, but it's a very serious interpretation of the mathematics of quantum mechanics. 08:18: ... in fact, be the more pure interpretation of the mathematics of quantum mechanics because there's nothing in that math that requires the collapse of the ... 08:29: ... more economical in the number of unsupported concepts it adds to quantum mechanics, even if it isn't particularly economical in the number of universes it ... 09:29: There's no more evidence for many worlds than there is for other mainstream interpretations of quantum mechanics. 09:47: ... it is supported by the incredibly successful mathematics of quantum mechanics, it has not yet added a prediction that might distinguish it from other ... 10:23: It explains the apparent randomness of quantum mechanics with a sort of observer bias. 02:24: One of the founders of quantum mechanics, Erwin Schrodinger, found this ridiculous.
	2016-09-29: Life on Europa? 09:57: ... the predictions of a local hidden variable theory versus pure quantum mechanics is if you measure the spins of both particles with the same measurement ... 11:18: The definition of observer sort of depends on what interpretation of quantum mechanics you're going with.
	2016-09-21: Quantum Entanglement and the Great Bohr-Einstein Debate 00:25: But they're actually surprisingly good at quantum mechanics. 01:27: But quantum mechanics is so bizarre that it still has scientists wondering if we need to reject even this basic premise. 01:34: This was the source of one of the most heated debates at the advent of quantum mechanics. 02:29: He insisted that the wave function, and by extension quantum mechanics, is incomplete. 03:13: The Einstein Podolsky Rosen, or EPR, paradox introduces one of the most mysterious ideas in quantum mechanics-- quantum entanglement. 03:36: ... mechanics requires that we describe the particle pair with a single combined wave ... 05:10: But in quantum mechanics, measurement actually affects the thing you are measuring. 07:13: ... that we'd expect to see in the case that Einstein was right and quantum mechanics needs local hidden ... 09:09: Are babies really better at quantum mechanics than Einstein? 05:10: But in quantum mechanics, measurement actually affects the thing you are measuring. 03:13: The Einstein Podolsky Rosen, or EPR, paradox introduces one of the most mysterious ideas in quantum mechanics-- quantum entanglement. 03:36: ... mechanics requires that we describe the particle pair with a single combined wave function ...
	2016-09-07: Is There a Fifth Fundamental Force? + Quantum Eraser Answer 06:59: But there's still time for a mini-rant about the role of consciousness in quantum mechanics.
	2016-08-10: How the Quantum Eraser Rewrites the Past 06:26: This is quantum mechanics.
	2016-07-27: The Quantum Experiment that Broke Reality 06:00: ... Describing the behavior of the wave function is the heart of quantum mechanics. ... 07:42: In fact, the answers aren't known but the various interpretations of quantum mechanics do try. 07:49: Let's talk about the view favored by Werner Heisenberg and Niels Bohr, who pioneered quantum mechanics at the University of Copenhagen in the 1920s. 09:36: ... theory of quantum mechanics produces stunningly accurate predictions of reality and it's completely ... 10:50: I have recently been exploring The Great Courses Plus quantum mechanics content. 09:36: ... theory of quantum mechanics produces stunningly accurate predictions of reality and it's completely ...
	2016-07-20: The Future of Gravitational Waves 06:49: And that's actually close to the number you get from doing this with quantum mechanics so that's cool.
	2016-07-06: Juno to Reveal Jupiter's Violent Past 11:33: A few of you rightly know that quantum mechanics isn't needed to resolve Zeno's paradox of Achilles and the tortoise.
	2016-06-29: Nuclear Physics Challenge 00:06: We've been talking about quantum mechanics recently, and I think we're ready to do a bit of recreational nuclear physics.
	2016-06-15: The Strange Universe of Gravitational Lensing 10:54: ... locations is only true for the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. ... 12:30: Mystyc Cheez and others ask, what is really meant by an observation in quantum mechanics?
	2016-06-01: Is Quantum Tunneling Faster than Light? 00:08: According to quantum mechanics you are, at least a little bit. 00:12: [THEME MUSIC] Quantum mechanics is a spectacularly weird theory. 07:04: To make that work you need to use a second, and perhaps even weirder feature of quantum mechanics, quantum entanglement.
	2016-05-25: Is an Ice Age Coming? 13:58: ... law of conservation of energy, as we learned when we studied Newtonian mechanics, is a feature of flat ...
	2016-03-02: What’s Wrong With the Big Bang Theory? 04:20: See, at this point, general relativity comes into serious conflict with quantum mechanics.
	2015-12-09: How to Build a Black Hole 00:06: To make one, we need both general relativity and quantum mechanics. 01:04: We need quantum mechanics. 05:17: The details may be a topic for another episode, but in short, quantum mechanics describes matter as a distribution of possibilities. 05:55: This is the weirdest, coolest aspect of quantum mechanics. 05:17: The details may be a topic for another episode, but in short, quantum mechanics describes matter as a distribution of possibilities.
	2015-11-25: 100 Years of Relativity + Challenge Winners! 02:13: ... some Newtonian mechanics to see how much mass is needed to accelerate Apophis to get the desired ... 02:25: To make the mechanics easy, we can simplify some stuff.
	2015-11-11: Challenge: Can you save Earth from a Killer Asteroid? 01:49: You'll need Newton's law of universal gravitation as well as basic mechanics and kinematics.
	2015-10-28: Is The Alcubierre Warp Drive Possible? 04:04: Except Stephen Hawking chronology protection conjecture states that quantum mechanics will always stop causality-breaking actions. 04:13: It suggests that there's something in the deeper union of GR and quantum mechanics, the theory of everything, that prohibits the warp drive. 08:32: Quantum mechanics began as an abstract musing on the nature of reality.
	2015-10-07: The Speed of Light is NOT About Light 02:11: By the late 1800s, we have Maxwell's equations, Newton's mechanics, various other awesome theories. 02:38: In fact, we now know that even Newton's mechanics were using assumptions that implied an infinite speed of light, which is really bad. 04:37: Newton's mechanics use it. 05:06: The transformation underpinning Newton's mechanics is wrong.
	2015-08-27: Watch THIS! (New Host + Challenge Winners) 01:26: This is kind of a coincidence of the specific situation of a uniformly dense planet and Newtonian mechanics.
	2015-08-05: What Physics Teachers Get Wrong About Tides! 11:41: ... versions of something and then add to them the machinery of quantum mechanics to sort of get a quantized version of the ...
	2015-07-15: Can You Trust Your Eyes in Spacetime? 06:38: In Newtonian mechanics, we distinguish inertial and noninertial observers dynamically by using the floating ball test.
	2015-04-29: What's the Most Realistic Artificial Gravity in Sci-Fi? 10:30: Does quantum mechanics bring back free will since it attaches some inherent randomness to the future.
	2015-04-08: Could You Fart Your Way to the Moon? 00:35: Before we can analyze the concept of a fart rocket, we need to understand the mechanics of those two ingredients separately, farts and rockets.
	2015-03-18: Can A Starfox Barrel Roll Work In Space? 05:33: ... how massive or dense the gyros would need to be, whether you'd flip them mechanics or with magnets, or how fast they'd have to spin in the first place to ...

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