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	2022-11-09: What If Humanity Is Among The First Spacefaring Civilizations? 06:37: ... the hard steps model lets us write down a mathematical function for the appearance rate of life that depends on a simple ... 18:50: ... it turns out that the mathematical description implied by this interpretation is equivalent to standard ... 06:37: ... the hard steps model lets us write down a mathematical function for the appearance rate of life that depends on a simple ... 18:50: ... it turns out that the mathematical description implied by this interpretation is equivalent to standard ... 06:37: ... the hard steps model lets us write down a mathematical function for the appearance rate of life that depends on a simple parameter - the ...
	2022-10-26: Why Did Quantum Entanglement Win the Nobel Prize in Physics? 03:07: Quantum systems are described by a mathematical object called the wavefunction, which evolves according to the Schrodinger equation.
	2022-09-28: Why Is 1/137 One of the Greatest Unsolved Problems In Physics? 13:15: ... be that the fine structure constant is not a physical constant, but a mathematical one, like pi, but perhaps we haven't realized this is the case because ...
	2022-09-21: Science of the James Webb Telescope Explained! 17:43: Just ask a mathematician.
	2022-08-24: What Makes The Strong Force Strong? 10:28: ... mathematics used to describe this system just happen to be the same as the ... 13:56: ... combinations are neutral, like black and white for example, you get this mathematical ... 10:28: ... mathematics used to describe this system just happen to be the same as the ...
	2022-08-03: What Happens Inside a Proton? 00:22: ... universe operates. It helps that a lot  of those rules seem to be mathematical.   By writing down the laws of physics as  equations, we can make ...
	2022-07-20: What If We Live in a Superdeterministic Universe? 06:36: ... derived a mathematical statement - the Bell inequality that is true in the case that the ...
	2022-06-30: Could We Decode Alien Physics? 07:38: ... will be pointing in the direction of the force.   Mathematically we calculate the force using  something called the cross product. ...
	2022-06-15: Can Wormholes Solve The Black Hole Information Paradox? 10:06: ... computing the von Neumann entropy, there is a neat mathematical trick you can do.   For some reason, it turns out that it's ... 13:07: ... really been solved? Well the community is divided. Some of the mathematical   tricks that were used have invited skepticism. Regardless, these ...
	2022-06-01: What If Physics IS NOT Describing Reality? 00:25: ... is physics really trying to do? Is it to find  the mathematical laws that govern the universe?   Not quite - no one has to ... 11:24: ... one thing to use quantum information theory  as a mathematical tool, but quite another to claim   that information is somehow ... 00:25: ... is physics really trying to do? Is it to find  the mathematical laws that govern the universe?   Not quite - no one has to ... 11:24: ... one thing to use quantum information theory  as a mathematical tool, but quite another to claim   that information is somehow ... 00:25: ... is physics really trying to do? Is it to find  the mathematical laws that govern the universe?   Not quite - no one has to solve ... 11:24: ... one thing to use quantum information theory  as a mathematical tool, but quite another to claim   that information is somehow a ... 00:25: ... put it well “The laws of nature which   we formulate mathematically in quantum theory deal  no longer with the particles themselves but ...
	2022-03-30: Could The Universe Be Inside A Black Hole? 00:28: Both of these involve matter being packed to infinite densities - they are singularities where the mathematics of GR breaks down. 00:41: ... have mathematical similarities to ech other that have led some physicists to believe that ... 05:50: We’ll need to make the black hole interior mathematically indistinguishable from a universe for somebody inside that black hole. 08:15: ... very first “realistic” mathematical description of a black hole formation was discovered in 1939 by Robert ... 00:41: ... have mathematical similarities to ech other that have led some physicists to believe that ... 08:15: ... very first “realistic” mathematical description of a black hole formation was discovered in 1939 by Robert ... 00:41: ... have mathematical similarities to ech other that have led some physicists to believe that the big bang ... 05:50: We’ll need to make the black hole interior mathematically indistinguishable from a universe for somebody inside that black hole. 00:28: Both of these involve matter being packed to infinite densities - they are singularities where the mathematics of GR breaks down.
	2022-03-23: Where Is The Center of The Universe? 03:22: ... Friedman - he ignored all those little gravitational bumps - doing the mathematical equivalent of grinding up everything into the universe into a fine paste ...
	2022-03-16: What If Charge is NOT Fundamental? 02:49: ... by a property  analogous to spin, governed  by analogous mathematics. ... 05:13: ... the same way that isospin followed the same mathematics as regular quantum spin, this new property seemed to obey the math for ... 07:27: He recognized that these patterns were actually representations of a mathematical symmetry known as SU(3). 08:12: So after all this hard thinking it turns out that isospin and hypercharge were as much mathematical abstractions as was electric charge. 07:27: He recognized that these patterns were actually representations of a mathematical symmetry known as SU(3). 08:12: So after all this hard thinking it turns out that isospin and hypercharge were as much mathematical abstractions as was electric charge. 07:27: He recognized that these patterns were actually representations of a mathematical symmetry known as SU(3). 02:49: ... by a property  analogous to spin, governed  by analogous mathematics. ... 05:13: ... the same way that isospin followed the same mathematics as regular quantum spin, this new property seemed to obey the math for ...
	2022-02-10: The Nature of Space and Time AMA 00:03: ... actually pursuing here so i guess we have a spectacularly successful mathematical description of both space and time okay we start in this description ...
	2021-12-10: 2021 End of Year AMA! 00:02: ... to understand that virtual particles are not real uh rather they're a mathematical tool that's used to represent the behavior of the quantum field um ...
	2021-11-02: Is ACTION The Most Fundamental Property in Physics? 16:26: ... Skooks. As for what category theory is it’s loosely a way to generalize mathematics by representing mathematical concepts and the relationships between them ...
	2021-10-20: Will Constructor Theory REWRITE Physics? 02:25: In the mechanistic approach the fundamentals are the mathematical descriptions of how a process occurs. 07:21: ... we carve off all the “can’ts” from the marble block of all possible mathematics. ... 02:25: In the mechanistic approach the fundamentals are the mathematical descriptions of how a process occurs. 07:21: ... we carve off all the “can’ts” from the marble block of all possible mathematics. ...
	2021-10-05: Why Magnetic Monopoles SHOULD Exist 02:22: The non-existence of magnetic monopoles is codified in the mathematics of electrodynamics. 07:56: ... is fundamentally unobservable, and Dirac argued that this makes it a mathematical figment, kind of like virtual ... 02:22: The non-existence of magnetic monopoles is codified in the mathematics of electrodynamics.
	2021-09-21: How Electron Spin Makes Matter Possible 05:59: ... they actually cancel each other out and you effectively have no photons. Mathematically, a half-cycle phase shift corresponds to putting a negative sign in front ...
	2021-07-07: Electrons DO NOT Spin 07:30: ... of electrons.   The wavefunction became a very strange mathematical object called a spinor,  which had been invented just a decade ...
	2021-06-23: How Quantum Entanglement Creates Entropy 04:50: ... his invention “entropy”   after talking to the great Hungarian mathematician and physicist John von Neumann. Supposedly, Von   Neumann said ...
	2021-06-16: Can Space Be Infinitely Divided? 01:16: ... by   thinking about hot pokers. He found the  long-sought mathematical description of   blackbody, or thermal radiation - by ... 03:47: ... uncertainty principle. Bare  with me though with just a touch of mathematics. ... 01:16: ... by   thinking about hot pokers. He found the  long-sought mathematical description of   blackbody, or thermal radiation - by ... 03:47: ... uncertainty principle. Bare  with me though with just a touch of mathematics. ...
	2021-05-25: What If (Tiny) Black Holes Are Everywhere? 00:41: At least, that’s the black hole as it appears in the mathematics of Einstein’s general theory of relativity. 04:26: ... Hawking made that assumption, it enabled him to mathematically connect the high-gravity region near the black hole with a very distant ... 00:41: At least, that’s the black hole as it appears in the mathematics of Einstein’s general theory of relativity.
	2021-03-23: Zeno's Paradox & The Quantum Zeno Effect 00:45: Nowadays, most physicists and mathematicians don’t really see Zeno’s arrow as paradoxical. 01:07: That’s what a mathematician might tell you - but quantum mechanics also has a thing or two to say about extremely tiny distances and time intervals. 00:45: Nowadays, most physicists and mathematicians don’t really see Zeno’s arrow as paradoxical.
	2021-01-26: Is Dark Matter Made of Particles? 06:25: The other delves deep into theory - in speculative mathematics beyond the standard model for signs of new particles.
	2020-11-04: Electroweak Theory and the Origin of the Fundamental Forces 00:20: And how do the forces of nature arise from mathematical symmetries in the first place?
	2020-10-27: How The Penrose Singularity Theorem Predicts The End of Space Time 04:06: ... what did Penrose discover? How did he manage to peer into the mathematical heart of the black   hole? And why did this deserve a Nobel ...
	2020-09-28: Solving Quantum Cryptography 03:17: That’s a mathematical operation that’s very easy to figure out in one direction, but very difficult to reverse. 01:08: ... in 1994, a mathematician named Peter Shor developed an algorithm - Shor’s algorithm - that could ... 04:40: ... similar to one that was developed over 2,000 years ago by the Greek mathematician ... 06:02: ... 18th century mathematician Leonhard Euler figured this structure extends to numbers that are the ... 13:51: Mathematicians and cryptographers have decades of security to point to as proof of their encrypting and decrypting abilities. 04:40: ... similar to one that was developed over 2,000 years ago by the Greek mathematician Eratosthenes. ... 06:02: ... 18th century mathematician Leonhard Euler figured this structure extends to numbers that are the multiple of ... 01:08: ... in 1994, a mathematician named Peter Shor developed an algorithm - Shor’s algorithm - that could use a ... 13:51: Mathematicians and cryptographers have decades of security to point to as proof of their encrypting and decrypting abilities.
	2020-09-21: Could Life Evolve Inside Stars? 12:21: ... see a real problem with the excessive weight placed on the importance of mathematical beauty, by some, perhaps by many, in the theory-of-everything ... 12:50: ... of the likes of Einstein and Dirac that physical law should be mathematically ... 12:21: ... see a real problem with the excessive weight placed on the importance of mathematical beauty, by some, perhaps by many, in the theory-of-everything ... 12:50: ... of the likes of Einstein and Dirac that physical law should be mathematically ...
	2020-09-08: The Truth About Beauty in Physics 00:20: ... don’t need to choose between beauty and truth - there’s this idea that mathematical beauty is a powerful guiding force towards truth - the more beautiful ... 00:57: ... - and misguided by this abstract notion of beauty in trying to guess the mathematical behavior of the ... 01:49: It turns out both Ptolemy and Copernicus were lured by the same bias towards beauty - here, the mathematical perfection of the circle. 03:13: Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, Einstein - each followed their own sense of mathematical beauty in this long quest to understand gravity. 03:33: To understand that, we need to think about what mathematical beauty even means. 03:48: ... Ptolemy and Copernicus it was a sense that certain mathematical forms are intrinsically more beautiful or perfect than others - in their ... 04:47: ... a compact expression - a small number of physical properties linked in a mathematically simple ... 05:20: ... can describe any complex phenomenon with a mathematical model if you’re willing to give your model enough moving parts - but ... 06:15: So is base reality represented by the simplest possible interaction or relationship, expressible with the simplest conceivable mathematical statement? 06:26: And if so, does pursuing mathematical parsimony guide us inexorably towards the most elementary driving forces? 07:38: But if a physical law is mathematically ugly, then you can be sure it’s wrong, experiment or no. 07:44: Dirac’s most famous result came from exactly this pursuit of mathematical beauty. 08:45: ... pursuit of pure mathematical elegance led him to predict the existence of antimatter, which was ... 08:58: Nobel laureate physicist Frank Wilcek talks about a form of mathematical beauty that he calls the exuberance of a theory - its productivity. 11:01: This seemed too mathematically neat to be a coincidence. 11:54: ... perhaps mathematical beauty and convergence DOES provide a reliable indicator that we’re ... 12:11: And so perhaps the mathematical wonders of string theory DO reflect something true about reality, but we’re struggling with how to interpret it all. 00:20: ... don’t need to choose between beauty and truth - there’s this idea that mathematical beauty is a powerful guiding force towards truth - the more beautiful ... 00:57: ... - and misguided by this abstract notion of beauty in trying to guess the mathematical behavior of the ... 01:49: It turns out both Ptolemy and Copernicus were lured by the same bias towards beauty - here, the mathematical perfection of the circle. 03:13: Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, Einstein - each followed their own sense of mathematical beauty in this long quest to understand gravity. 03:33: To understand that, we need to think about what mathematical beauty even means. 03:48: ... Ptolemy and Copernicus it was a sense that certain mathematical forms are intrinsically more beautiful or perfect than others - in their ... 05:20: ... can describe any complex phenomenon with a mathematical model if you’re willing to give your model enough moving parts - but ... 06:15: So is base reality represented by the simplest possible interaction or relationship, expressible with the simplest conceivable mathematical statement? 06:26: And if so, does pursuing mathematical parsimony guide us inexorably towards the most elementary driving forces? 07:44: Dirac’s most famous result came from exactly this pursuit of mathematical beauty. 08:45: ... pursuit of pure mathematical elegance led him to predict the existence of antimatter, which was ... 08:58: Nobel laureate physicist Frank Wilcek talks about a form of mathematical beauty that he calls the exuberance of a theory - its productivity. 11:54: ... perhaps mathematical beauty and convergence DOES provide a reliable indicator that we’re ... 12:11: And so perhaps the mathematical wonders of string theory DO reflect something true about reality, but we’re struggling with how to interpret it all. 00:20: ... don’t need to choose between beauty and truth - there’s this idea that mathematical beauty is a powerful guiding force towards truth - the more beautiful the ... 03:13: Ptolemy, Copernicus, Kepler, Newton, Einstein - each followed their own sense of mathematical beauty in this long quest to understand gravity. 03:33: To understand that, we need to think about what mathematical beauty even means. 07:44: Dirac’s most famous result came from exactly this pursuit of mathematical beauty. 08:58: Nobel laureate physicist Frank Wilcek talks about a form of mathematical beauty that he calls the exuberance of a theory - its productivity. 11:54: ... perhaps mathematical beauty and convergence DOES provide a reliable indicator that we’re moving in ... 00:57: ... - and misguided by this abstract notion of beauty in trying to guess the mathematical behavior of the ... 08:45: ... pursuit of pure mathematical elegance led him to predict the existence of antimatter, which was discovered ... 03:48: ... Ptolemy and Copernicus it was a sense that certain mathematical forms are intrinsically more beautiful or perfect than others - in their case ... 05:20: ... can describe any complex phenomenon with a mathematical model if you’re willing to give your model enough moving parts - but that ... 06:26: And if so, does pursuing mathematical parsimony guide us inexorably towards the most elementary driving forces? 01:49: It turns out both Ptolemy and Copernicus were lured by the same bias towards beauty - here, the mathematical perfection of the circle. 06:15: So is base reality represented by the simplest possible interaction or relationship, expressible with the simplest conceivable mathematical statement? 12:11: And so perhaps the mathematical wonders of string theory DO reflect something true about reality, but we’re struggling with how to interpret it all. 04:47: ... a compact expression - a small number of physical properties linked in a mathematically simple ... 07:38: But if a physical law is mathematically ugly, then you can be sure it’s wrong, experiment or no. 11:01: This seemed too mathematically neat to be a coincidence. 04:47: ... a compact expression - a small number of physical properties linked in a mathematically simple ... 07:38: But if a physical law is mathematically ugly, then you can be sure it’s wrong, experiment or no.
	2020-08-10: Theory of Everything Controversies: Livestream 00:00: ... eric weinstein who is a very unique case uh holding a phd in mathematical physics from harvard but did not pursue the traditional academic route ...
	2020-07-28: What is a Theory of Everything: Livestream 00:00: ... of deep learning and he's the author of multiple books including our mathematical universe and the recent book life 3.0 so uh hi everyone thanks for ...
	2020-06-22: Building Black Holes in a Lab 03:26: ... But by 1982 he realized the two situations had much more in common, mathematically speaking. It turns out that the equations of fluid dynamics can be ... 04:08: ... the years, physicists have capitalized on these kinds of mathematically analogous situations and found a number of systems with event horizons ... 03:26: ... But by 1982 he realized the two situations had much more in common, mathematically speaking. It turns out that the equations of fluid dynamics can be ... 04:08: ... the years, physicists have capitalized on these kinds of mathematically analogous situations and found a number of systems with event horizons ... 03:26: ... But by 1982 he realized the two situations had much more in common, mathematically speaking. It turns out that the equations of fluid dynamics can be expressed in a ...
	2020-06-15: What Happens After the Universe Ends? 00:36: Conformal Cyclic Cosmology is a story of the origin and the end of our universe from great mathematical physicist Sir Roger Penrose. 01:39: A conformal transformation is just some mathematical function that you apply to a geometric space which preserves all of the angles in that space. 09:34: ... Roger Penrose is famous for is his Penrose diagrams - these are ways of mathematically transforming our grid of spacetime to fit infinite distance and time ... 00:36: Conformal Cyclic Cosmology is a story of the origin and the end of our universe from great mathematical physicist Sir Roger Penrose. 01:39: A conformal transformation is just some mathematical function that you apply to a geometric space which preserves all of the angles in that space. 00:36: Conformal Cyclic Cosmology is a story of the origin and the end of our universe from great mathematical physicist Sir Roger Penrose. 09:34: ... Roger Penrose is famous for is his Penrose diagrams - these are ways of mathematically transforming our grid of spacetime to fit infinite distance and time ...
	2020-05-27: Does Gravity Require Extra Dimensions? 00:33: ... no surprise that it was the first force to get a decent mathematical description with Isaac Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation back in the ... 14:16: Now the multiverse through the black hole arises from tracing the paths of spacetime through the black hole mathematically. 14:24: ... likely to be real than the quantum multiverse - it's almost certainly a mathematical figment, arising from idealized types of black hole that don't really ... 00:33: ... no surprise that it was the first force to get a decent mathematical description with Isaac Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation back in the ... 14:24: ... likely to be real than the quantum multiverse - it's almost certainly a mathematical figment, arising from idealized types of black hole that don't really ... 00:33: ... no surprise that it was the first force to get a decent mathematical description with Isaac Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation back in the 17th ... 14:24: ... likely to be real than the quantum multiverse - it's almost certainly a mathematical figment, arising from idealized types of black hole that don't really ... 14:16: Now the multiverse through the black hole arises from tracing the paths of spacetime through the black hole mathematically.
	2020-05-18: Mapping the Multiverse 01:41: A rotating black hole is described mathematically by the Kerr metric. 08:34: This time travel and naked singularity stuff is good reason to think this part of the mathematical structure of the Kerr black hole is NOT real. 01:41: A rotating black hole is described mathematically by the Kerr metric.
	2020-05-11: How Luminiferous Aether Led to Relativity 02:33: ... the Sun. The Dutch physicist Christiaan Huygens developed a detailed mathematical theory around this idea that gravity results from the fluid dynamics of ...
	2020-04-28: Space Time Livestream: Ask Matt Anything 00:00: ... gravitational potential energy okay GM M over R okay these these are mathematical quantities that happen to be you know they happened to all that up to ...
	2020-02-24: How Decoherence Splits The Quantum Multiverse 01:52: ... quantum systems are described by this wavefunction thing - it’s the mathematical object that defines the distribution of possible outcomes if you were to ... 13:47: In fact the details have been worked out with mathematical rigor - starting with H. Dieter Zeh’s foundational paper in 1970. 01:52: ... quantum systems are described by this wavefunction thing - it’s the mathematical object that defines the distribution of possible outcomes if you were to ... 13:47: In fact the details have been worked out with mathematical rigor - starting with H. Dieter Zeh’s foundational paper in 1970. 01:52: ... quantum systems are described by this wavefunction thing - it’s the mathematical object that defines the distribution of possible outcomes if you were to try to ... 13:47: In fact the details have been worked out with mathematical rigor - starting with H. Dieter Zeh’s foundational paper in 1970.
	2020-02-18: Does Consciousness Influence Quantum Mechanics? 00:41: ... in predicting the behavior of quantum system - rules encapsulated in the mathematics of quantum ... 15:19: So by the mathematical definition, a spatially-farying constant would be a field. 00:41: ... in predicting the behavior of quantum system - rules encapsulated in the mathematics of quantum ...
	2020-02-11: Are Axions Dark Matter? 00:27: ... is a classic physics tale: intrepid scientists delve deep into trackless mathematics in search of answers to a mystery. And there, against all expectations, ... 16:00: ... book - and then lots of people corrected my correction. Principia Mathematica, Prinkipia mathematica, princhipia mathematica - many people swearing by ... 00:27: ... is a classic physics tale: intrepid scientists delve deep into trackless mathematics in search of answers to a mystery. And there, against all expectations, ...
	2020-01-27: Hacking the Nature of Reality 00:43: ... mathematical description should depend only on observable quantities - in this case, ... 00:54: ... philosophy led to a series of seemingly miraculous mathematical insights, with the final result being the birth of modern quantum theory ... 00:43: ... mathematical description should depend only on observable quantities - in this case, ... 00:54: ... philosophy led to a series of seemingly miraculous mathematical insights, with the final result being the birth of modern quantum theory ... 00:43: ... mathematical description should depend only on observable quantities - in this case, the ... 00:54: ... philosophy led to a series of seemingly miraculous mathematical insights, with the final result being the birth of modern quantum theory and first ...
	2020-01-20: Solving the Three Body Problem 01:49: ... That just means it can be written out with a finite number of mathematical operations and ... 07:56: ... masses. The numerical discovery of the figure-8 solution was proved mathematically by Alain Chenciner and Richard Montgomery, and insights gained from that ... 01:49: ... That just means it can be written out with a finite number of mathematical operations and ... 07:56: ... masses. The numerical discovery of the figure-8 solution was proved mathematically by Alain Chenciner and Richard Montgomery, and insights gained from that ... 02:55: ... three body problem became the obsession for many great mathematicians - but over the following three centuries, solutions have been found for ... 06:43: ... status of the three-body problem inspired generations of physicists and mathematicians to continue to seek exact, analytic solutions. And some succeeded - ... 12:00: ... wrong. In 1906, not so long after Poincare stern proclamation, Finnish mathematician Karl Sundman found a solution to the general three-body ... 02:55: ... three body problem became the obsession for many great mathematicians - but over the following three centuries, solutions have been found for ... 06:43: ... status of the three-body problem inspired generations of physicists and mathematicians to continue to seek exact, analytic solutions. And some succeeded - ... 02:55: ... three body problem became the obsession for many great mathematicians - but over the following three centuries, solutions have been found for ...
	2019-12-09: The Doomsday Argument 09:37: ... of this notion of reference class that makes this idea seem far less mathematically precise - far more fishy - than the question of picking balls from ...
	2019-11-04: Why We Might Be Alone in the Universe 12:59: Well, crudely, they're a mathematical way to describe the geometry of space - which means they aren't in space, they sort of ARE space.
	2019-10-15: Loop Quantum Gravity Explained 03:33: ... physics, we have variables like position, time, momentum, energy - mathematical expressions that represent the observable properties of the object or ... 07:33: Connections are mathematical functions that tell you how something, like a vector, changes as it moves between two points in a space. 13:31: But the mathematics have yielded intriguing clues to the nature of the fabric of the universe – and that nature is very weird. 03:33: ... physics, we have variables like position, time, momentum, energy - mathematical expressions that represent the observable properties of the object or ... 07:33: Connections are mathematical functions that tell you how something, like a vector, changes as it moves between two points in a space. 03:33: ... physics, we have variables like position, time, momentum, energy - mathematical expressions that represent the observable properties of the object or system that ... 07:33: Connections are mathematical functions that tell you how something, like a vector, changes as it moves between two points in a space. 13:31: But the mathematics have yielded intriguing clues to the nature of the fabric of the universe – and that nature is very weird.
	2019-09-23: Is Pluto a Planet? 02:20: This picture was cleaned up by the observations of Galileo and Brahe and the mathematical models of Kepler and Newton. 02:34: The solar system finally made observational and theoretical sense: there were now 6 planets orbiting the sun in perfect mathematical harmony. 03:27: ... betrayed the existence of Neptune, which was discovered first in the mathematics and then with a telescope in ... 02:20: This picture was cleaned up by the observations of Galileo and Brahe and the mathematical models of Kepler and Newton. 02:34: The solar system finally made observational and theoretical sense: there were now 6 planets orbiting the sun in perfect mathematical harmony. 02:20: This picture was cleaned up by the observations of Galileo and Brahe and the mathematical models of Kepler and Newton. 03:27: ... betrayed the existence of Neptune, which was discovered first in the mathematics and then with a telescope in ...
	2019-08-26: How To Become an Astrophysicist + Challenge Question! 03:35: ... To come to a PhD at their University The first step is to take a ton of mathematics and physics as an undergraduate most estra PhD programs require a good ...
	2019-07-25: Deciphering The Vast Scale of the Universe 03:39: ... Cepheid variables, brightened and dimmed with a repeating period that is mathematically related to the stars’ absolute ...
	2019-07-18: Did Time Start at the Big Bang? 00:25: ... our universe is expanding and if we reverse that expansion far enough - mathematically - purely according to Einstein's equations, it seems inevitable that all ... 08:14: ... of what tells us. It's wrong Any time you encounter a singularity in the mathematics of a physical theory you have good reason for skepticism It's probably ... 09:52: ... eternally expanding universe Looks like the Big Bang of a new universe Mathematically so our heat death is someone else's Big ... 00:25: ... our universe is expanding and if we reverse that expansion far enough - mathematically - purely according to Einstein's equations, it seems inevitable that all ... 09:52: ... eternally expanding universe Looks like the Big Bang of a new universe Mathematically so our heat death is someone else's Big ... 00:25: ... our universe is expanding and if we reverse that expansion far enough - mathematically - purely according to Einstein's equations, it seems inevitable that all ... 08:14: ... of what tells us. It's wrong Any time you encounter a singularity in the mathematics of a physical theory you have good reason for skepticism It's probably ...
	2019-07-15: The Quantum Internet 01:21: ... Shannon started it all with his 1948 paper “A Mathematical Theory of Communication”, which quantified the rate of digital ...
	2019-05-09: Why Quantum Computing Requires Quantum Cryptography 02:32: It's a mathematical process that can't be undone with the public key - only with its prime factors, which only you have.
	2019-04-24: No Dark Matter = Proof of Dark Matter? 00:03: ... Halliday's brilliant drawing in which the lightsaber blade is the matrix mathematics of the more penrose conditions truly an elegant weapon for a more ...
	2019-04-10: The Holographic Universe Explained 06:59: Our 2-D grid behaves like a 3-D volume, and we can treat it like one – mathematically. 12:58: Represent a 2-D hyperbolic space as a compactified map and it has an edge – at least a mathematical one. 13:58: ... question we now wrestle with is this: a series of mathematical clues indicate that our universe may be holographic – or at least have a ... 14:13: Can these just be crazy mathematical coincidences? 14:27: An abstract mathematical surface infinitely far from our location and from our intuition, projecting inwards our familiar holographic spacetime. 12:58: Represent a 2-D hyperbolic space as a compactified map and it has an edge – at least a mathematical one. 13:58: ... question we now wrestle with is this: a series of mathematical clues indicate that our universe may be holographic – or at least have a ... 14:13: Can these just be crazy mathematical coincidences? 14:27: An abstract mathematical surface infinitely far from our location and from our intuition, projecting inwards our familiar holographic spacetime. 13:58: ... question we now wrestle with is this: a series of mathematical clues indicate that our universe may be holographic – or at least have a dual ... 14:13: Can these just be crazy mathematical coincidences? 14:27: An abstract mathematical surface infinitely far from our location and from our intuition, projecting inwards our familiar holographic spacetime. 06:59: Our 2-D grid behaves like a 3-D volume, and we can treat it like one – mathematically.
	2019-04-03: The Edge of an Infinite Universe 00:11: We can define a boundary to an infinite universe, at least mathematically. 01:50: In fact, if we twist our human intuition and our mathematics to its limit we can build our picket fence around an infinite universe. 02:00: ... mathematical boundary at infinity turns out to be not just useful for doing ... 04:38: Physicists found mathematical ways to fuse space and time into new coordinates that suppressed the infinities. 04:49: The first efforts were designed to allow physicists to cross the event horizon of black holes – mathematically. 13:03: ... exists only in the compactified coordinates of the interior volume - is mathematically exactly a flat, Minkowski ... 14:04: ... a 3+1-dimensional Minkowski space, that corresponded to an interesting mathematical structure in the enclosed 4+1-D AdS ... 02:00: ... mathematical boundary at infinity turns out to be not just useful for doing ... 04:38: Physicists found mathematical ways to fuse space and time into new coordinates that suppressed the infinities. 14:04: ... a 3+1-dimensional Minkowski space, that corresponded to an interesting mathematical structure in the enclosed 4+1-D AdS ... 02:00: ... mathematical boundary at infinity turns out to be not just useful for doing calculations in ... 14:04: ... a 3+1-dimensional Minkowski space, that corresponded to an interesting mathematical structure in the enclosed 4+1-D AdS ... 04:38: Physicists found mathematical ways to fuse space and time into new coordinates that suppressed the infinities. 00:11: We can define a boundary to an infinite universe, at least mathematically. 04:49: The first efforts were designed to allow physicists to cross the event horizon of black holes – mathematically. 13:03: ... exists only in the compactified coordinates of the interior volume - is mathematically exactly a flat, Minkowski ... 01:50: In fact, if we twist our human intuition and our mathematics to its limit we can build our picket fence around an infinite universe.
	2019-03-28: Could the Universe End by Tearing Apart Every Atom? 00:25: ... the overall amount of dark energy hence the accelerating expansion mathematically we describe a constant energy density with the cosmological constant in ...
	2019-03-20: Is Dark Energy Getting Stronger? 02:13: Mathematically we represent a constant vacuum energy with Einstein’s cosmological constant – or Lambda.
	2019-03-06: The Impossibility of Perpetual Motion Machines 04:26: Richard Feynman himself demonstrated this mathematically. 01:27: Bhāskara's wheel, named after the Indian mathematician, was embedded with tubes of mercury that would flow from back and forth as the wheel turned.
	2019-02-20: Secrets of the Cosmic Microwave Background 02:05: ... Each layer has fluctuations of a certain size defined by the mathematics of spherical harmonics Sort of like sine waves but different wavelengths ...
	2019-01-24: The Crisis in Cosmology 16:34: ...is mathematically the same as a positive mass particle moving forward in time That notion makes sense in the math,...
	2019-01-16: Our Antimatter, Mirrored, Time-Reversed Universe 08:43: ... quantum information is conserved in this type of time rehearsal. Mathematically, the particles in a rewinding universe actually look like they underwent ...
	2018-12-20: Why String Theory is Wrong 00:07: There's this idea that beauty is a powerful guide to truth in the mathematics of physical theory. 07:04: A duality in physics is when two apparently different mathematical theories proved to represent the same physical process. 08:49: It turns out that mathematically, these two are completely equivalent. 07:04: A duality in physics is when two apparently different mathematical theories proved to represent the same physical process. 08:49: It turns out that mathematically, these two are completely equivalent. 00:07: There's this idea that beauty is a powerful guide to truth in the mathematics of physical theory.
	2018-11-07: Why String Theory is Right 01:36: ... mathematics seem to come together so neatly towards a unified description of all ... 01:47: I want to try to give you a glimpse into this mathematical elegance. 06:46: It was a mathematical mess until Dirac added some nonsense terms to the electron-wave function that caused a lot of the mess to cancel out. 07:10: This is a powerful example of how following mathematical prettiness could bring us closer to the truth. 10:41: ... means we can smooth out that surface mathematically and write a nice, simple quantum wave equation from the equations of ... 13:10: But can such an elegant and rich mathematical structure really have nothing to do with reality? 13:17: There's plenty of historical precedent for mathematical beauty leading to truth, but there's no fundamental principle that says it has to. 13:30: Philosophical points to consider as we continue to follow the mathematical beauty hopefully towards an increasingly true representation of spacetime. 14:44: ... many virtual particles, but the particles themselves are just convenient mathematical building blocks to describe a messy disturbance in the ... 01:47: I want to try to give you a glimpse into this mathematical elegance. 06:46: It was a mathematical mess until Dirac added some nonsense terms to the electron-wave function that caused a lot of the mess to cancel out. 07:10: This is a powerful example of how following mathematical prettiness could bring us closer to the truth. 13:10: But can such an elegant and rich mathematical structure really have nothing to do with reality? 13:17: There's plenty of historical precedent for mathematical beauty leading to truth, but there's no fundamental principle that says it has to. 13:30: Philosophical points to consider as we continue to follow the mathematical beauty hopefully towards an increasingly true representation of spacetime. 14:44: ... many virtual particles, but the particles themselves are just convenient mathematical building blocks to describe a messy disturbance in the ... 13:17: There's plenty of historical precedent for mathematical beauty leading to truth, but there's no fundamental principle that says it has to. 13:30: Philosophical points to consider as we continue to follow the mathematical beauty hopefully towards an increasingly true representation of spacetime. 13:17: There's plenty of historical precedent for mathematical beauty leading to truth, but there's no fundamental principle that says it has to. 14:44: ... many virtual particles, but the particles themselves are just convenient mathematical building blocks to describe a messy disturbance in the ... 01:47: I want to try to give you a glimpse into this mathematical elegance. 06:46: It was a mathematical mess until Dirac added some nonsense terms to the electron-wave function that caused a lot of the mess to cancel out. 07:10: This is a powerful example of how following mathematical prettiness could bring us closer to the truth. 13:10: But can such an elegant and rich mathematical structure really have nothing to do with reality? 10:41: ... means we can smooth out that surface mathematically and write a nice, simple quantum wave equation from the equations of ... 01:36: ... mathematics seem to come together so neatly towards a unified description of all ...
	2018-10-31: Are Virtual Particles A New Layer of Reality? 00:53: Sometimes our mathematical hacks point to strange new aspects of reality. 01:26: A more recent mathematical hack is the virtual particle. 03:00: It's our mathematical hack. 04:25: Instead, virtual particles are the mathematical building blocks we use to approximate the complex states of interacting fields. 05:45: Virtual particles are our mathematical representation of the quantum mechanical behavior of fields, and that behavior is weird. 11:28: In his actual mathematical derivation, he instead talks about vibrational modes of the quantum vacuum being cut off by the event horizon. 12:00: So to recap, virtual particles are best thought of as a mathematical device to represent the behavior of quantum fields. 12:18: ... Planck discovery of the quantum nature of photons, it turned out that a mathematical artifact represented new real physics-- the quantum nature of the photon ... 13:13: Ergo, virtual particles are probably just a mathematical artifact. 00:53: Sometimes our mathematical hacks point to strange new aspects of reality. 01:26: A more recent mathematical hack is the virtual particle. 03:00: It's our mathematical hack. 04:25: Instead, virtual particles are the mathematical building blocks we use to approximate the complex states of interacting fields. 05:45: Virtual particles are our mathematical representation of the quantum mechanical behavior of fields, and that behavior is weird. 11:28: In his actual mathematical derivation, he instead talks about vibrational modes of the quantum vacuum being cut off by the event horizon. 12:00: So to recap, virtual particles are best thought of as a mathematical device to represent the behavior of quantum fields. 12:18: ... Planck discovery of the quantum nature of photons, it turned out that a mathematical artifact represented new real physics-- the quantum nature of the photon ... 13:13: Ergo, virtual particles are probably just a mathematical artifact. 12:18: ... Planck discovery of the quantum nature of photons, it turned out that a mathematical artifact represented new real physics-- the quantum nature of the photon in that ... 13:13: Ergo, virtual particles are probably just a mathematical artifact. 12:18: ... Planck discovery of the quantum nature of photons, it turned out that a mathematical artifact represented new real physics-- the quantum nature of the photon in that ... 04:25: Instead, virtual particles are the mathematical building blocks we use to approximate the complex states of interacting fields. 11:28: In his actual mathematical derivation, he instead talks about vibrational modes of the quantum vacuum being cut off by the event horizon. 12:00: So to recap, virtual particles are best thought of as a mathematical device to represent the behavior of quantum fields. 01:26: A more recent mathematical hack is the virtual particle. 03:00: It's our mathematical hack. 00:53: Sometimes our mathematical hacks point to strange new aspects of reality. 05:45: Virtual particles are our mathematical representation of the quantum mechanical behavior of fields, and that behavior is weird.
	2018-10-18: What are the Strings in String Theory? 00:51: Its equations predict many things with stunning accuracy, but they first required us to tune many mathematical knobs and dials. 09:37: Its interactions are smeared around that string, handily avoiding the explosion of mathematical infinities you get below the Planck length. 00:51: Its equations predict many things with stunning accuracy, but they first required us to tune many mathematical knobs and dials. 09:37: Its interactions are smeared around that string, handily avoiding the explosion of mathematical infinities you get below the Planck length. 00:51: Its equations predict many things with stunning accuracy, but they first required us to tune many mathematical knobs and dials.
	2018-09-20: Quantum Gravity and the Hardest Problem in Physics 02:32: Our experience of the universe appears to be plucked from this landscape of possibilities in strange, but mathematically predictable, ways.
	2018-08-15: Quantum Theory's Most Incredible Prediction 00:17: [MUSIC PLAYING] Quantum field theory is notoriously complicated, built from mind-bendingly abstract mathematics. 07:36: In the case of electromagnetism, those interactions are mediated by virtual photons, which are just a mathematical way to describe quantum buzz. 00:17: [MUSIC PLAYING] Quantum field theory is notoriously complicated, built from mind-bendingly abstract mathematics.
	2018-07-11: Quantum Invariance & The Origin of The Standard Model 00:28: As far as we can tell, mathematics is the language in which the universe is written. 01:14: ... simple terms, a gauge theory is one that has mathematical parameters or degrees of freedom that can be changed without affecting ... 02:35: ... describes the evolution of the wave function, which is the mathematical object that contains all the information about a particular physical ... 03:48: It's literally complex in the mathematical sense. 06:57: ... turns out that we can add a mathematical term to the momentum operator that's specially designed to undo any mess ... 07:17: ... right now, but the important and absolutely bizarre thing about this mathematical entity is that it looks like something very ... 10:29: ... fundamental forces, perhaps it's the fact that by pure exploration of mathematics, delving many layers of abstraction deeper than our capacity for ... 10:49: And following those mathematical labyrinths reveals physical theory with stunning predictive power, like the standard model of particle physics. 10:58: Mathematics truly seems to be the language in which the universe is written. 01:14: ... simple terms, a gauge theory is one that has mathematical parameters or degrees of freedom that can be changed without affecting ... 02:35: ... describes the evolution of the wave function, which is the mathematical object that contains all the information about a particular physical ... 03:48: It's literally complex in the mathematical sense. 06:57: ... turns out that we can add a mathematical term to the momentum operator that's specially designed to undo any mess ... 07:17: ... right now, but the important and absolutely bizarre thing about this mathematical entity is that it looks like something very ... 10:49: And following those mathematical labyrinths reveals physical theory with stunning predictive power, like the standard model of particle physics. 07:17: ... right now, but the important and absolutely bizarre thing about this mathematical entity is that it looks like something very ... 10:49: And following those mathematical labyrinths reveals physical theory with stunning predictive power, like the standard model of particle physics. 02:35: ... describes the evolution of the wave function, which is the mathematical object that contains all the information about a particular physical ... 01:14: ... simple terms, a gauge theory is one that has mathematical parameters or degrees of freedom that can be changed without affecting the ... 03:48: It's literally complex in the mathematical sense. 06:57: ... turns out that we can add a mathematical term to the momentum operator that's specially designed to undo any mess we ... 00:28: As far as we can tell, mathematics is the language in which the universe is written. 10:29: ... fundamental forces, perhaps it's the fact that by pure exploration of mathematics, delving many layers of abstraction deeper than our capacity for ... 10:58: Mathematics truly seems to be the language in which the universe is written. 10:29: ... fundamental forces, perhaps it's the fact that by pure exploration of mathematics, delving many layers of abstraction deeper than our capacity for intuition, we ...
	2018-06-27: How Asteroid Mining Will Save Earth 11:00: And to help you understand the universe, I recommend "Our Mathematical Universe" by Max Tegmark. 11:05: In it, Professor Tegmark explores an incredible idea that perhaps our reality is mathematical at its most fundamental level. 11:00: And to help you understand the universe, I recommend "Our Mathematical Universe" by Max Tegmark. 11:05: In it, Professor Tegmark explores an incredible idea that perhaps our reality is mathematical at its most fundamental level. 11:00: And to help you understand the universe, I recommend "Our Mathematical Universe" by Max Tegmark.
	2018-06-20: The Black Hole Information Paradox 11:54: They were glimpsed as dark stars in the mathematics of Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation. 12:01: So, to continue your own mathematical journey into black holes, Newton's gravity is the place to start. 13:29: In the mathematics, it looks as though anything falling into a charged black hole is ejected into a separate universe. 14:11: Virtual particles in general are just a way to mathematically account for the infinite ways a quantum field can communicate its influence. 12:01: So, to continue your own mathematical journey into black holes, Newton's gravity is the place to start. 14:11: Virtual particles in general are just a way to mathematically account for the infinite ways a quantum field can communicate its influence. 11:54: They were glimpsed as dark stars in the mathematics of Isaac Newton's law of universal gravitation. 13:29: In the mathematics, it looks as though anything falling into a charged black hole is ejected into a separate universe.
	2018-05-23: Why Quantum Information is Never Destroyed 00:32: They are mathematical rules that dictate how systems evolve in time. 12:49: ... most of the solution but had put it by the wayside for more important mathematics. ... 13:07: In true mathematical fashion, her work was far more general than anything we deal with in physics. 00:32: They are mathematical rules that dictate how systems evolve in time. 13:07: In true mathematical fashion, her work was far more general than anything we deal with in physics. 00:32: They are mathematical rules that dictate how systems evolve in time. 13:17: It's hard to understate just how amazing of a mathematician she was. 12:49: ... most of the solution but had put it by the wayside for more important mathematics. ...
	2018-05-16: Noether's Theorem and The Symmetries of Reality 09:01: ... Weyl, also a giant in the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics, said in her memorial address, I was ... 09:21: Her contributions to mathematics, particularly abstract algebra, redefined entire fields. 09:01: ... Weyl, also a giant in the mathematical foundation of quantum mechanics, said in her memorial address, I was ... 01:40: Two of the greats of the era, David Hilbert and Felix Klein, sought the help of a young mathematician Emmy Noether to understand this seeming paradox. 08:42: Emmy Noether was one of the greatest mathematicians of the golden age of modern physics. 09:01: ... such a preferred position beside her whom I knew to be my superior as a mathematician in many ... 01:40: Two of the greats of the era, David Hilbert and Felix Klein, sought the help of a young mathematician Emmy Noether to understand this seeming paradox. 08:42: Emmy Noether was one of the greatest mathematicians of the golden age of modern physics. 09:21: Her contributions to mathematics, particularly abstract algebra, redefined entire fields.
	2018-04-11: The Physics of Life (ft. It's Okay to be Smart & PBS Eons!) 08:48: ... demonstrated mathematically that self-replicating molecules and simple single-cell life are ...
	2018-03-15: Hawking Radiation 04:54: The narrative of Hawking's mathematics goes something like this.
	2018-02-14: What is Energy? 01:00: Instead, it's a mathematical relationship between other more fundamental quantities. 01:05: It was 17th century polymath Gottfried Leibniz who first figured out the mathematical form of what we call kinetic energy, the energy of motion. 01:00: Instead, it's a mathematical relationship between other more fundamental quantities. 01:05: It was 17th century polymath Gottfried Leibniz who first figured out the mathematical form of what we call kinetic energy, the energy of motion. 01:00: Instead, it's a mathematical relationship between other more fundamental quantities. 10:16: ... relationship between conservation laws and symmetries was discovered by mathematician Emmy Noether and Noether's theorem is something we will come back ...
	2018-01-31: Kronos: Devourer Of Worlds 05:54: The researchers tested the hypothesis by throwing a bunch of Earth-like planets into a sun-like star-- mathematically, I mean.
	2018-01-17: Horizon Radiation 07:43: Well, because they actually make the mathematics much easier.
	2018-01-10: What Do Stars Sound Like? 00:38: ... mathematical models emerged in the early 1900s that described the balance between the ...
	2017-12-06: Understanding the Uncertainty Principle with Quantum Fourier Series 03:17: This is Fourier's theorem, after French mathematician Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier.
	2017-10-19: The Nature of Nothing 06:23: ... can be argued that virtual particles are just a mathematical tool to describe the behavior of a dynamic vacuum and that no such ...
	2017-10-11: Absolute Cold 02:27: It's mathematical form was our first hint at the quantum nature of the subatomic world.
	2017-09-13: Neutron Stars Collide in New LIGO Signal? 14:53: I said that the Big Bang is mathematically similar to a white hole, except that it doesn't possess a singularity.
	2017-08-30: White Holes 00:05: Lurking in the depths of the mathematics of Einstein's general relativity is an object even stranger than the mysterious black hole. 00:37: ... theory of relativity, physicists wondered how seriously to take this mathematical description of an inescapable region of ... 00:50: ... own Milky Way galaxy harbor these gravitational monstrosities, but the mathematics that predicts the existence of the black hole also describes entities ... 01:21: A white hole is the opposite of a black hole in a very literal mathematical sense. 02:12: ... before everyone gets too excited, white holes are probably a figment of mathematical imagination, but they're a fascinating one, and the idea may help us ... 02:26: White holes first emerged in the very earliest mathematical description of black holes. 10:18: ... improbable entropy dip, and as it happens, the Big Bang looks-- mathematically, at least-- much like a white ... 11:57: The mathematics of the Schwarzschild metric describes an entirely independent region of space time parallel to our own. 00:37: ... theory of relativity, physicists wondered how seriously to take this mathematical description of an inescapable region of ... 01:21: A white hole is the opposite of a black hole in a very literal mathematical sense. 02:12: ... before everyone gets too excited, white holes are probably a figment of mathematical imagination, but they're a fascinating one, and the idea may help us ... 02:26: White holes first emerged in the very earliest mathematical description of black holes. 00:37: ... theory of relativity, physicists wondered how seriously to take this mathematical description of an inescapable region of ... 02:26: White holes first emerged in the very earliest mathematical description of black holes. 02:12: ... before everyone gets too excited, white holes are probably a figment of mathematical imagination, but they're a fascinating one, and the idea may help us understand the ... 01:21: A white hole is the opposite of a black hole in a very literal mathematical sense. 10:18: ... improbable entropy dip, and as it happens, the Big Bang looks-- mathematically, at least-- much like a white ... 00:05: Lurking in the depths of the mathematics of Einstein's general relativity is an object even stranger than the mysterious black hole. 00:50: ... own Milky Way galaxy harbor these gravitational monstrosities, but the mathematics that predicts the existence of the black hole also describes entities ... 11:57: The mathematics of the Schwarzschild metric describes an entirely independent region of space time parallel to our own.
	2017-08-10: The One-Electron Universe 01:29: However, Richard Feynman did take at least one aspect very seriously-- the mathematical equivalence of anti-matter as time-reversed matter. 04:36: But reversing a particle's motion is mathematically the same as watching it in reverse time. 01:29: However, Richard Feynman did take at least one aspect very seriously-- the mathematical equivalence of anti-matter as time-reversed matter. 04:36: But reversing a particle's motion is mathematically the same as watching it in reverse time.
	2017-07-26: The Secrets of Feynman Diagrams 09:12: Mathematically, a time-reversed electron looks exactly like a positron-- like this.
	2017-07-12: Solving the Impossible in Quantum Field Theory 03:08: ... Richard Feynman developed these pictorial tools to organize the painful mathematics of quantum field theory, but they also serve to give a general idea of ... 09:33: But just as with perturbation theory, physicists found a cunning trick to get around this mathematical inconvenience. 03:08: ... Richard Feynman developed these pictorial tools to organize the painful mathematics of quantum field theory, but they also serve to give a general idea of ...
	2017-07-07: Feynman's Infinite Quantum Paths 00:13: ... or not this is true, a mathematical description of this crazy idea led to the most powerful expression of ... 07:51: ... out how to add particles with spin, the path integral approach is both mathematically equivalent to and more powerful than earlier derivations of quantum ... 00:13: ... or not this is true, a mathematical description of this crazy idea led to the most powerful expression of ... 07:51: ... out how to add particles with spin, the path integral approach is both mathematically equivalent to and more powerful than earlier derivations of quantum ...
	2017-06-28: The First Quantum Field Theory 00:06: ... Feynman called it "the jewel of physics." Of all of our mathematical descriptions of the universe, this one has produced the most stunningly ... 00:46: Its wild success tells us that the mathematical description provided by quantum mechanics reflects deep truths about reality. 07:53: His mathematics, then, kept track of the number of particles, or quantum oscillations, in each of these states. 00:06: ... Feynman called it "the jewel of physics." Of all of our mathematical descriptions of the universe, this one has produced the most stunningly ... 00:46: Its wild success tells us that the mathematical description provided by quantum mechanics reflects deep truths about reality. 00:06: ... Feynman called it "the jewel of physics." Of all of our mathematical descriptions of the universe, this one has produced the most stunningly precise ... 07:53: His mathematics, then, kept track of the number of particles, or quantum oscillations, in each of these states.
	2017-06-21: Anti-Matter and Quantum Relativity 01:01: Bohr, Heisenberg, Born, Pauli, and others pieced together a mathematical description for the weird nature of subatomic particles. 05:10: ... stumbled upon a single simple idea that caused the resulting horrendous mathematics to collapse into an incredibly simple, beautiful ... 01:01: Bohr, Heisenberg, Born, Pauli, and others pieced together a mathematical description for the weird nature of subatomic particles. 05:10: ... stumbled upon a single simple idea that caused the resulting horrendous mathematics to collapse into an incredibly simple, beautiful ...
	2017-04-05: Telescopes on the Moon 11:33: ... an antigravitational effect through negative pressure, in a way that's mathematically similar to dark ...
	2017-03-29: How Time Becomes Space Inside a Black Hole 00:06: ... the strange switching in the roles of space and time that occurs in the mathematics when we drop below the event horizon of a black ... 00:30: Is this space-time dyslexia purely a mathematical quirk? 04:36: In the mathematics the coordinate r, which once represented distance, now grants the negative sign needed to maintain your causal flow. 05:07: Let's fall into the black hole one more time, now graphically instead of mathematically. 13:46: It's now been proved mathematically that time crystals can exist in equilibrium. 00:30: Is this space-time dyslexia purely a mathematical quirk? 05:07: Let's fall into the black hole one more time, now graphically instead of mathematically. 13:46: It's now been proved mathematically that time crystals can exist in equilibrium. 00:06: ... the strange switching in the roles of space and time that occurs in the mathematics when we drop below the event horizon of a black ... 04:36: In the mathematics the coordinate r, which once represented distance, now grants the negative sign needed to maintain your causal flow.
	2017-02-02: The Geometry of Causality 11:56: ... core of a black hole an artifact of the limitations of three dimensional mathematics?" Well, maybe, sort ... 12:07: ... way out of the mathematical singularity at the center of black holes is with string theory, which ... 12:47: Mathematician Georg Cantor invented set theory, the mathematics we use to study different types of infinity. 12:07: ... way out of the mathematical singularity at the center of black holes is with string theory, which ... 12:36: Jose Hernandez says that, for a mathematician, infinity is just a number. 12:47: Mathematician Georg Cantor invented set theory, the mathematics we use to study different types of infinity. 12:36: Jose Hernandez says that, for a mathematician, infinity is just a number. 11:56: ... core of a black hole an artifact of the limitations of three dimensional mathematics?" Well, maybe, sort ... 12:47: Mathematician Georg Cantor invented set theory, the mathematics we use to study different types of infinity.
	2017-01-19: The Phantom Singularity 00:09: In mathematics, singularities come in wild and wonderful varieties. 01:55: Instead of me trying to explain mathematical singularities, how about we get a real mathematician to do this properly. 02:16: What does this mathematical weirdness tell us? 03:29: ... models of the movement of water to human population growth, mathematics predicts a physical singularity, and we've been forced to reject the ... 07:45: It's as much a mathematical singularity as the one in the center of the black hole. 10:55: Anyway the upshot is that it's really a breeze to drop through the event horizon, both physically and mathematically. 12:13: Cheers to Kelsey Houston Edwards for helping us understand mathematical singularities. 01:55: Instead of me trying to explain mathematical singularities, how about we get a real mathematician to do this properly. 02:16: What does this mathematical weirdness tell us? 07:45: It's as much a mathematical singularity as the one in the center of the black hole. 12:13: Cheers to Kelsey Houston Edwards for helping us understand mathematical singularities. 01:55: Instead of me trying to explain mathematical singularities, how about we get a real mathematician to do this properly. 12:13: Cheers to Kelsey Houston Edwards for helping us understand mathematical singularities. 07:45: It's as much a mathematical singularity as the one in the center of the black hole. 02:16: What does this mathematical weirdness tell us? 10:55: Anyway the upshot is that it's really a breeze to drop through the event horizon, both physically and mathematically. 01:55: Instead of me trying to explain mathematical singularities, how about we get a real mathematician to do this properly. 02:19: Well, mathematicians use the word singularity pretty broadly. 03:59: Mathematicians are lucky. 02:19: Well, mathematicians use the word singularity pretty broadly. 03:59: Mathematicians are lucky. 00:09: In mathematics, singularities come in wild and wonderful varieties. 03:29: ... models of the movement of water to human population growth, mathematics predicts a physical singularity, and we've been forced to reject the ... 00:09: In mathematics, singularities come in wild and wonderful varieties.
	2016-12-08: What Happens at the Event Horizon? 10:47: ... complete mathematical solution for a Schwarzschild black hole has two additional regions, one ... 11:07: These are strange mathematical entities and probably aren't real, but we'll certainly come back to them. 10:47: ... complete mathematical solution for a Schwarzschild black hole has two additional regions, one ... 11:07: These are strange mathematical entities and probably aren't real, but we'll certainly come back to them. 10:47: ... complete mathematical solution for a Schwarzschild black hole has two additional regions, one ...
	2016-11-30: Pilot Wave Theory and Quantum Realism 00:47: There are some pretty out there explanations for the processes at work behind the incredibly successful mathematics of quantum mechanics. 08:05: ... soon after de Broglie first proposed pilot-waves, the revered mathematician John Von Neumann published a proof showing that hidden variable ... 08:43: ... was figured out pretty soon after Von Neumann's paper by German mathematician Grete Hermann, although her refutation wasn't noticed until it was ... 08:05: ... soon after de Broglie first proposed pilot-waves, the revered mathematician John Von Neumann published a proof showing that hidden variable explanations ... 00:47: There are some pretty out there explanations for the processes at work behind the incredibly successful mathematics of quantum mechanics.
	2016-11-16: Strange Stars 00:14: [MUSIC PLAYING] The mathematics of modern physics that emerged through the 20th century explained so much about our universe. 00:28: But the same mathematics also hid some surprises. 00:14: [MUSIC PLAYING] The mathematics of modern physics that emerged through the 20th century explained so much about our universe. 00:28: But the same mathematics also hid some surprises.
	2016-11-09: Did Dark Energy Just Disappear? 10:33: When you mathematically combine the certainty contours of two completely independent measurements they give you a much tighter range of possibilities.
	2016-10-26: The Many Worlds of the Quantum Multiverse 00:53: Mathematically, this is encapsulated in the wave function of a quantum particle or system of particles. 05:52: This sounds outrageous, but it's a very serious interpretation of the mathematics of quantum mechanics. 08:18: ... worlds may, in fact, be the more pure interpretation of the mathematics of quantum mechanics because there's nothing in that math that requires ... 09:47: ... so although it is supported by the incredibly successful mathematics of quantum mechanics, it has not yet added a prediction that might ... 00:53: Mathematically, this is encapsulated in the wave function of a quantum particle or system of particles. 05:52: This sounds outrageous, but it's a very serious interpretation of the mathematics of quantum mechanics. 08:18: ... worlds may, in fact, be the more pure interpretation of the mathematics of quantum mechanics because there's nothing in that math that requires ... 09:47: ... so although it is supported by the incredibly successful mathematics of quantum mechanics, it has not yet added a prediction that might ...
	2016-09-14: Self-Replicating Robots and Galactic Domination 03:05: ... even in the late '40s, John Von Neumann, Hungarian mathematician, physicist, inventor, and general co-founder of the modern technological ...
	2016-07-27: The Quantum Experiment that Broke Reality 06:00: ... call the mathematical description of this wave-like distribution of properties a "wave ...
	2016-06-22: Planck's Constant and The Origin of Quantum Mechanics 04:54: The key to unlocking the mystery lay in finding a mathematical description for the blackbody spectrum. 06:37: ... they tried to mathematically distribute heat energy to equipartitionates across possible energy ... 06:51: ... Mathematically, Rayleigh and Jeans were chasing Zeno's tortoise, infinitely dividing the ... 07:09: ... searching for a new mathematical approach to deriving the blackbody spectrum, he needed some sort of math ... 08:59: ... given a mathematical form for the blackbody spectrum, it was possible to do this just by ... 04:54: The key to unlocking the mystery lay in finding a mathematical description for the blackbody spectrum. 07:09: ... searching for a new mathematical approach to deriving the blackbody spectrum, he needed some sort of math ... 08:59: ... given a mathematical form for the blackbody spectrum, it was possible to do this just by ... 07:09: ... searching for a new mathematical approach to deriving the blackbody spectrum, he needed some sort of math trick to ... 04:54: The key to unlocking the mystery lay in finding a mathematical description for the blackbody spectrum. 08:59: ... given a mathematical form for the blackbody spectrum, it was possible to do this just by varying ... 06:37: ... they tried to mathematically distribute heat energy to equipartitionates across possible energy ... 06:51: ... Mathematically, Rayleigh and Jeans were chasing Zeno's tortoise, infinitely dividing the ... 06:37: ... they tried to mathematically distribute heat energy to equipartitionates across possible energy states, way too ... 06:51: ... Mathematically, Rayleigh and Jeans were chasing Zeno's tortoise, infinitely dividing the smallest ...
	2016-06-01: Is Quantum Tunneling Faster than Light? 01:30: French mathematician and physicist Louis de Broglie figured out that any material object is really a matter wave.
	2016-05-25: Is an Ice Age Coming? 12:37: Mathematics is a model that we use to describe the behavior of the universe. 14:32: But, for example, a stress energy momentum pseudo tensor isn't mathematically the same thing as classical energy. 14:43: The universe is mechanistic and its behavior results in emergent mathematical laws that allow us to model and predict its behavior. 15:05: It just acts according to a deep, and presumably very simple, set of fundamental rules that give rise to mathematical relationships. 14:43: The universe is mechanistic and its behavior results in emergent mathematical laws that allow us to model and predict its behavior. 15:05: It just acts according to a deep, and presumably very simple, set of fundamental rules that give rise to mathematical relationships. 14:43: The universe is mechanistic and its behavior results in emergent mathematical laws that allow us to model and predict its behavior. 15:05: It just acts according to a deep, and presumably very simple, set of fundamental rules that give rise to mathematical relationships. 14:32: But, for example, a stress energy momentum pseudo tensor isn't mathematically the same thing as classical energy. 12:37: Mathematics is a model that we use to describe the behavior of the universe.
	2016-05-18: Anti-gravity and the True Nature of Dark Energy 06:54: That's what anti-gravity looks like mathematically.
	2016-04-27: What Does Dark Energy Really Do? 07:53: Let's take a mathematical ride into the far future, when the galaxies will be so far away that the density of the universe will be basically zero.
	2016-04-13: Will the Universe Expand Forever? 01:09: We'll need to peer into the mathematics of general relativity. 03:07: The mathematical step from Newton's gravity to escape velocity comes from thinking about energy. 01:09: We'll need to peer into the mathematics of general relativity.
	2016-04-06: We Are Star Stuff 00:39: ... they manifest through their vibrations, these all lend themselves to mathematical representations that even our own limited minds can ...
	2016-03-23: How Cosmic Inflation Flattened the Universe 06:48: Actually, Einstein came up with the exact mathematical description that we need-- an antigravity term called the cosmological constant.
	2016-02-24: Why the Big Bang Definitely Happened 01:15: ... descriptions are in the mathematical language of physics, and they build on and are supported by many ... 02:28: If we rewind the universe using the mathematics of general relativity, then the further back you go, the smaller the universe is. 01:15: ... descriptions are in the mathematical language of physics, and they build on and are supported by many ... 02:28: If we rewind the universe using the mathematics of general relativity, then the further back you go, the smaller the universe is.
	2016-01-20: The Photon Clock Challenge 00:06: Now, this one is conceptual, not mathematical.
	2015-12-09: How to Build a Black Hole 00:42: And just because something exists in the mathematics does not mean it has to exist in reality.
	2015-11-25: 100 Years of Relativity + Challenge Winners! 00:36: ... of thought experiments, simple statements about reality and yet the mathematical description that flowers from those statements describes our universe ...
	2015-10-28: Is The Alcubierre Warp Drive Possible? 00:45: ... choice of the word "warp." Alcubierre constructed a warp field in the mathematical language of Einstein's theory of general relativity, a real solution to ...
	2015-09-23: Does Dark Matter BREAK Physics? 07:10: But it's all mathematical fantasy until we detect the particle.
	2015-08-19: Do Events Inside Black Holes Happen? 13:07: ... that right-- and shoofle both asked whether there are some more mathematical resources or papers that I could give you explaining the same ...
	2015-08-05: What Physics Teachers Get Wrong About Tides! 12:56: ... that I've linked in the description that give you a slightly more mathematical treatment of ...
	2015-07-15: Can You Trust Your Eyes in Spacetime? 06:57: ... the physical world as geometric objects and relations in a tenseless mathematical space, we can discover facts about physics just by exploring geometry in ...
	2015-07-02: Can a Circle Be a Straight Line? 01:33: ... on what we really mean by straight line and by flat verses curved mathematical ... 08:07: In the meantime, you can put your questions about geodesics and curved mathematical spaces down in the comments below. 01:33: ... on what we really mean by straight line and by flat verses curved mathematical ... 08:07: In the meantime, you can put your questions about geodesics and curved mathematical spaces down in the comments below. 01:33: ... on what we really mean by straight line and by flat verses curved mathematical spaces. ... 08:07: In the meantime, you can put your questions about geodesics and curved mathematical spaces down in the comments below. 03:26: Mathematicians realized a long time ago that this definition generalizes very nicely and it's also very useful.
	2015-06-17: How to Signal Aliens 08:00: ... trying to take material that is inherently mathematical and that it takes most professionals years to understand and make it ...
	2015-04-22: Are Space and Time An Illusion? 04:33: Instead, it's a four dimensional non-Euclidean mathematical space that's just there. 04:42: That 4D mathematical space is spacetime. 04:33: Instead, it's a four dimensional non-Euclidean mathematical space that's just there. 04:42: That 4D mathematical space is spacetime. 04:33: Instead, it's a four dimensional non-Euclidean mathematical space that's just there. 04:42: That 4D mathematical space is spacetime.
	2015-04-15: Could NASA Start the Zombie Apocalypse? 00:52: ... non-joking textbooks and academic papers have been written with detailed mathematical and computer models of how a zombie epidemic would ...
	2015-03-25: Cosmic Microwave Background Explained 02:32: The CNB is one of the closest things to a mathematically perfect thermal spectrum that has ever been observed.
	2015-02-11: What Planet Is Super Mario World? 02:55: ... using Nintendo emulators, screen capture programs, and actual mathematical ...

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