Search PBS Space Time

What are you looking for?

	2022-12-14: How Can Matter Be BOTH Liquid AND Gas? 13:59: ... and ice, in the case of Jupter and Saturn surrounded by solid metallic hydrogen, and then a thick layer of supercritical fluid - mostly ...
	2022-09-28: Why Is 1/137 One of the Greatest Unsolved Problems In Physics? 01:55: For example this is the spectrum of Hydrogen. 01:58: Hydrogen atoms only emit light with these specific energies. 02:04: ... of its first great successes, first with  the Bohr model explaining hydrogen lines, then the Schrodinger equation for heavier ... 04:17: And the orbital speed of an electron in the ground state of the Bohr model of the hydrogen atom is 137 slower than the speed of light. 01:58: Hydrogen atoms only emit light with these specific energies. 02:04: ... of its first great successes, first with  the Bohr model explaining hydrogen lines, then the Schrodinger equation for heavier ...
	2022-08-24: What Makes The Strong Force Strong? 08:49: Let's say we have a proton and an electron, their electric charges attract and they form a neutral hydrogen atom.
	2022-07-27: How Many States Of Matter Are There? 05:16: Even in a hydrogen plasma, the lone protons are bundles of quarks. 11:05: So, galaxies are fluids of stars which themselves are made of plasmas of hydrogen made of frozen nuggets of quark matter. 05:16: Even in a hydrogen plasma, the lone protons are bundles of quarks.
	2022-07-20: What If We Live in a Superdeterministic Universe? 17:13: If the aliens simply describe the hydrogen atom and we saw that its electron had positive charge, we’d be set.
	2022-06-22: Is Interstellar Travel Impossible? 06:08: ... gas is around 90% hydrogen, and most of the rest is helium with traces of heavier elements The ... 08:59: They figure that the light hydrogen and helium don’t do lasting damage - they just deposit heat. 11:06: While the ship’s hull will stop heavier elements in less than a millimeter, the hydrogen atoms can penetrate an order of magnitude deeper.
	2022-06-01: What If Physics IS NOT Describing Reality? 15:25: ... the mass and also rejuvenates the   star because more hydrogen fuel gets pumped into  the fusion core. It’s believed that the ...
	2022-05-25: The Evolution of the Modern Milky Way Galaxy 03:22: ... galaxies collapsed from very slight  over-dense regions in the hot hydrogen and helium   gas that filled the universe after the Big ... 14:38: ... a large enough rocky or icy core forms to start  holding on to hydrogen and helium atmospheres.   That needs to happen before the star ...
	2022-05-18: What If the Galactic Habitable Zone LIMITS Intelligent Life? 03:40: ... like the Earth, while the larger collected  vast atmospheres of hydrogen and helium and became   the gas giants. At the same time, the ... 05:52: ... are mostly made out of hydrogen  and helium, with trace amounts of heavier   elements. But ...
	2022-01-12: How To Simulate The Universe With DFT 00:44: ... of an electron, whether it’s bouncing around inside a box, or part of a hydrogen atom, or moving through a double slit ... 01:48: ... - that’s the V. V could result from the electromagnetic field inside the hydrogen atom, or the EM fields defining the walls of a box, ... 02:10: ... an electron in a box or in a hydrogen atom, the different possible values of E that form solutions to this ... 03:25: OK, now let’s say we want to do the 26 electrons in an iron atom instead of the 1 electron in hydrogen. 00:44: ... of an electron, whether it’s bouncing around inside a box, or part of a hydrogen atom, or moving through a double slit ... 01:48: ... - that’s the V. V could result from the electromagnetic field inside the hydrogen atom, or the EM fields defining the walls of a box, ... 02:10: ... an electron in a box or in a hydrogen atom, the different possible values of E that form solutions to this equation ...
	2021-12-29: How to Find ALIEN Dyson Spheres 08:50: ... stars that are in the primes of their lives - those powered by fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores - lie on this tight band called the main ...
	2021-12-20: What Happens If A Black Hole Hits Earth? 05:13: ... kg like a large asteroid. That gives it an event horizon the size of a hydrogen atom. At interstellar speeds it spends around a minute passing through ...
	2021-12-10: 2021 End of Year AMA! 00:02: ... some ways they're at the ends of their lives they've finished burning hydrogen in their cause and they've expanded to giant stars um and uh the ...
	2021-09-15: Neutron Stars: The Most Extreme Objects in the Universe 03:07: ... Kelvin for a young neutron star. Those nuclei   are mostly hydrogen and helium, captured from the nearly-empty space surrounding the ...
	2021-08-03: How An Extreme New Star Could Change All Cosmology 03:19: ... object, but also a lot more. In the case of Zee the wavelengths of the hydrogen absorption lines were shuffled all over the place in a way that suggests ...
	2021-01-12: What Happens During a Quantum Jump? 01:56: ... the specific frequencies of light observed in emission spectra of hydrogen - although it failed for more complex elements Bohr’s work inspired ...
	2020-12-15: The Supernova At The End of Time 02:39: ... of these iron stars was in its extremely brief phase as a bright ball of hydrogen, bathing a young planetary system in the energy produced by its fusion ...
	2020-12-08: Why Do You Remember The Past But Not The Future? 12:10: ... increase as all structure disassembled and formed the homogeneous sea of hydrogen that preceded the formation of ...
	2020-10-05: Venus May Have Life! 03:15: These guys speculated about both microbes and larger creatures, alien gas bags perhaps supported by in-built hydrogen balloons. 05:41: So phosphine is a tetrahedtron - pyramid or d-4 - shaped molecule with one phosphorus and 3 hydrogen atoms. 06:00: It can form anywhere that you might have free phosphorus and hydrogen atoms. 05:41: So phosphine is a tetrahedtron - pyramid or d-4 - shaped molecule with one phosphorus and 3 hydrogen atoms. 06:00: It can form anywhere that you might have free phosphorus and hydrogen atoms. 03:15: These guys speculated about both microbes and larger creatures, alien gas bags perhaps supported by in-built hydrogen balloons. 06:05: That means anywhere that the more stable phosphorus and hydrogen-containing molecules might be broken apart.
	2020-09-01: How Do We Know What Stars Are Made Of? 00:28: ... astronomy is that the sun and the other stars are giant balls of fiery hydrogen and helium, powered by raging nuclear furnaces in their ... 08:56: On Earth, hydrogen is the third most abundant element after oxygen and silicon, while helium is extremely rare. 09:05: Her results suggested that hydrogen was by far the most common atom in the sun, followed closely by helium. 09:29: ... that it was likely the result of not understanding the atomic theory of hydrogen and helium well ... 09:39: ... the fact of the sun being made mostly of hydrogen and helium was confirmed only a few years later, and Cecilia Payne is ... 10:46: ... and also the type she figured out for us - the giant balls of burning hydrogen scattered across space ...
	2020-08-24: Can Future Colliders Break the Standard Model? 13:58: We're currently piling them up as tanks of hydrogen in Switzerland with a postit notes with your name.
	2020-08-17: How Stars Destroy Each Other 00:36: It had burned brighter and faster, until it’s heart of fusing hydrogen shriveled into a dead core of carbon and oxygen. 01:11: There, in the extreme surface gravity of the ultradense white dwarf, a layer of hydrogen built up. 04:02: ... cataclysmic variables must slowly build up their hydrogen layer, sputtering and flaring as they do so, until a critical ... 01:11: There, in the extreme surface gravity of the ultradense white dwarf, a layer of hydrogen built up. 04:02: ... cataclysmic variables must slowly build up their hydrogen layer, sputtering and flaring as they do so, until a critical temperature and ... 00:36: It had burned brighter and faster, until it’s heart of fusing hydrogen shriveled into a dead core of carbon and oxygen.
	2020-07-20: The Boundary Between Black Holes & Neutron Stars 14:33: ... of the universe, you’d have a great wall thorugh the universe where hydrogen and anti-hydrogen came into contact to explosive ...
	2020-07-08: Does Antimatter Explain Why There's Something Rather Than Nothing? 06:27: ... anti-proton plus a positron, instead of the proton + electron of regular hydrogen. In 1999 , NASA estimated that when taking all expenses into account, ... 07:21: ... of anti-hydrogen in multiple ways to see if it deviates from regular hydrogen - deviations that could point to the violation of CPT symmetry. ALPHA ... 09:19: ... this frequency, then compare to the corresponding frequency in regular hydrogen. The best-measured transition in hydrogen is known with 15 digits of ... 07:21: ... of anti-hydrogen in multiple ways to see if it deviates from regular hydrogen - deviations that could point to the violation of CPT symmetry. ALPHA uses ...
	2020-05-04: How We Know The Universe is Ancient 09:39: ... made an awkward mistake - they had been counting bright clouds of hydrogen gas - so-called HII regions - as stars, which threw their numbers off. ...
	2020-04-28: Space Time Livestream: Ask Matt Anything 00:00: ... it's only to only a tiny tiny wavelength band from an emission line hydrogen-alpha I think it is in the upper atmosphere of the Sun so you see these ...
	2020-04-22: Will Wormholes Allow Fast Interstellar Travel? 15:35: ... - but its very diffuse. Most of the space is filled with ionized hydrogen - protons stripped of their electrons, with densities between 1 particle ...
	2020-04-14: Was the Milky Way a Quasar? 04:06: These “cosmic rays” can then collide with nuclei in the gas between the stars - again, mostly the protons of hydrogen.
	2020-01-27: Hacking the Nature of Reality 00:14: The year is 1925 and the young Werner Heisenberg is striving to understand the mechanics of the newly-discovered electron orbitals of hydrogen.
	2019-12-17: Do Black Holes Create New Universes? 06:30: That cooling is extremely slow if the gas only contains the hydrogen and helium produced in the big bang.
	2019-11-11: Does Life Need a Multiverse to Exist? 06:21: ... other hand, if the strong force were a bit weaker then deuterium - heavy hydrogen - becomes unstable, eliminating one of the key steps in the fusion ... 07:32: Without neutrons, no elements heavier than hydrogen would be possible. 06:21: ... other hand, if the strong force were a bit weaker then deuterium - heavy hydrogen - becomes unstable, eliminating one of the key steps in the fusion process ...
	2019-09-03: Is Earth's Magnetic Field Reversing? 07:27: ... can produce such a field – the Earth, but also the Sun with its flowing hydrogen plasma, or the liquid metallic hydrogen in Jupiter and Saturn’s ...
	2019-07-18: Did Time Start at the Big Bang? 01:56: ... closer together There's also the relative abundance of simple elements hydrogen and helium in particular Whose ratio is exactly what we expect if the ...
	2019-07-01: Thorium and the Future of Nuclear Energy 00:33: ... The Sun is powered that way Releasing a mere 0.4 percent of the mass of hydrogen nuclei as it fuses them into helium But that's enough to power the Sun ... 02:49: ... sort of moderator The most common moderator is plain old water Because hydrogen nuclei in H2O are around the same mass as neutrons they absorb a lot of ... 00:33: ... The Sun is powered that way Releasing a mere 0.4 percent of the mass of hydrogen nuclei as it fuses them into helium But that's enough to power the Sun for 10 ... 02:49: ... sort of moderator The most common moderator is plain old water Because hydrogen nuclei in H2O are around the same mass as neutrons they absorb a lot of ...
	2019-06-20: The Quasar from The Beginning of Time 05:43: ... Bang, when things had cooled down a bit, the universe was filled with hydrogen gas. It was murky, especially for ultraviolet ... 05:58: Those stars eventually melted away the remaining hydrogen in a process called reionization, leaving a crystal-clear universe. 05:43: ... Bang, when things had cooled down a bit, the universe was filled with hydrogen gas. It was murky, especially for ultraviolet ...
	2019-06-06: The Alchemy of Neutron Star Collisions 02:47: ... to map where along the line of sight to a quasar there are clouds of hydrogen gas and learn about their size and density based on the shape of the ... 13:02: ... - well let's figure it out the density of the universe is roughly one hydrogen atom per square meter the universe is now around 1,100 times larger than ... 02:47: ... to map where along the line of sight to a quasar there are clouds of hydrogen gas and learn about their size and density based on the shape of the ...
	2019-05-16: The Cosmic Dark Ages 01:34: ... gets dull, right? Prior to recombination, the universe was filled with hydrogen and helium atoms stripped of their electrons - in other words, ionized - ... 02:19: ... the absence of new sources of light and the fog of atomic and molecular hydrogen and helium that filled the ... 03:52: ... and around these galaxies bubbles of ionized plasma grew as neutral hydrogen was burned away by the growing the ultraviolet aura. By now the dark ... 05:13: ... thick neutral hydrogen of the early universe was mostly transparent, but it did block some very ... 05:45: ... about the first, so this is just the tl;dr. When the electron in cold hydrogen gas flips its spin direction it either absorbs or emits a radio photon ... 07:19: ... quasars traveled to us it passed through the last remnants of neutral hydrogen left over from the cosmic dark ages. That gas left its ... 08:11: ... an electron jumps between the ground and second electron orbitals of hydrogen. ... 08:30: Neutral hydrogen gas is hungry for Lyman-alpha, gobbling up any such photon that it encounters. 08:36: ... completely absorbed as the quasar’s light enters this region of neutral hydrogen. ... 09:21: ... Now and then that light would pass through a tattered remnant of neutral hydrogen, and whatever photons were unlucky enough to be redshifted to the doomed ... 11:17: ... due to the quasar’s ionization bubble can tell us how much neutral hydrogen was left at the time this quasar was shining. It lets us track the ... 05:13: ... energy happened to exactly match an electron energy transition in the hydrogen atom was in danger of being absorbed. Two specific photons were in particular ... 05:45: ... about the first, so this is just the tl;dr. When the electron in cold hydrogen gas flips its spin direction it either absorbs or emits a radio photon with ... 08:30: Neutral hydrogen gas is hungry for Lyman-alpha, gobbling up any such photon that it encounters. 05:45: ... about the first, so this is just the tl;dr. When the electron in cold hydrogen gas flips its spin direction it either absorbs or emits a radio photon with a ... 07:19: ... quasars traveled to us it passed through the last remnants of neutral hydrogen left over from the cosmic dark ages. That gas left its ...
	2019-03-13: Will You Travel to Space? 13:27: ... points out that atoms are perpetual motion machines, and there are hydrogen atoms that have been ticking for the entire age of the ...
	2019-02-07: Sound Waves from the Beginning of Time 01:37: For the first few hundred thousand years in the life of our universe, All of the space was filled with hydrogen and helium in plasma form. 05:57: But the plasma, now hydrogen and helium gas, stalled. 06:46: ... the new structure. Once more in the gravitational grip of dark matter, hydrogen and helium could begin the long work of collapsing into stars and ...
	2018-10-18: What are the Strings in String Theory? 06:48: Niels Bohr came up with the first quantum model for electron orbits by thinking of them as ring-like standing waves around the hydrogen atom.
	2018-10-10: Computing a Universe Simulation 04:33: So there is something like 10 to the power of 80 hydrogen atoms in the universe.
	2018-08-30: Is There Life on Mars? 08:26: ... Mars "Odyssey" orbiter detected atmospheric hydrogen that told us of enormous quantities of water ice frozen into the Martian ...
	2018-08-23: How Will the Universe End? 00:27: ... years, the last star in the universe will expand, the final atoms of hydrogen fuel and settle quietly into a dim white dwarf before slowly fading to ...
	2018-06-27: How Asteroid Mining Will Save Earth 06:19: Water dissociates into hydrogen and oxygen, becoming rocket fuel, which is critical for shipping mined resources back to Earth.
	2018-05-09: How Gaia Changed Astronomy Forever 02:58: For example, stars on this diagonal band-- the so-called, main sequence-- are in the primes of their lives, fusing hydrogen into helium.
	2018-05-02: The Star at the End of Time 01:51: Stars generate energy, fusing hydrogen into helium in their cores. 01:55: ... Sun burns through 600 billion kilograms of hydrogen every second, generating 4 by 10 to the power of 26 watts or around the ... 02:11: This rate will only increase as the core's temperature increases, and the Sun will burn through the hydrogen supply in its core in five billion years. 03:04: Actually, wrong-- stars like our Sun can only burn the hydrogen in their cores. 03:48: That helium gets mixed through the star, while new hydrogen is brought to the core for fusion. 03:53: Over the course of its long life, a red dwarf will convert all of its hydrogen to helium. 06:00: ... with the last hydrogen fuel spent, the entire star will become composed of helium and will ... 02:11: This rate will only increase as the core's temperature increases, and the Sun will burn through the hydrogen supply in its core in five billion years.
	2018-03-21: Scientists Have Detected the First Stars 01:05: [MUSIC PLAYING] So the very early universe was full of hydrogen gas and light. 01:12: That light was the leftover heat glow from before those first hydrogen atoms formed. 01:27: We can also, try to see the light signature from that very early hydrogen gas. 01:31: ... the one that is released or absorbed, when the ground state electron and hydrogen flips its spin ... 01:47: ... the early universe, the rate of hydrogen spin flip was in equilibrium with the CMB, meaning that for every CMB ... 02:13: Before long, some of that early hydrogen gas collapsed to form the very first stars, long before the first galaxies formed. 02:38: ... black holes formed, and started to spew out x-rays, as they gobbled up hydrogen. This heated the gas and eventually, became too hot to emit, or absorb, ... 04:39: This suggests that the hydrogen doing the absorbing is a lot colder than we thought to be. 04:50: Our cosmological models can't explain how this early hydrogen gas could possibly be this cold. 05:15: The only thing colder than this ambient hydrogen at the time, was dark matter. 05:20: So maybe, the hydrogen lost some of its heat to dark matter. 05:24: Yet, in order for that to happen, hydrogen would actually need to interact with the dark matter, and that's the whole thing about dark matter. 05:34: But in order to cool the hydrogen, there must be another type of interaction. 01:12: That light was the leftover heat glow from before those first hydrogen atoms formed. 01:31: ... the one that is released or absorbed, when the ground state electron and hydrogen flips its spin ... 01:05: [MUSIC PLAYING] So the very early universe was full of hydrogen gas and light. 01:27: We can also, try to see the light signature from that very early hydrogen gas. 02:13: Before long, some of that early hydrogen gas collapsed to form the very first stars, long before the first galaxies formed. 04:50: Our cosmological models can't explain how this early hydrogen gas could possibly be this cold. 02:13: Before long, some of that early hydrogen gas collapsed to form the very first stars, long before the first galaxies formed. 05:20: So maybe, the hydrogen lost some of its heat to dark matter. 01:47: ... the early universe, the rate of hydrogen spin flip was in equilibrium with the CMB, meaning that for every CMB photon ...
	2018-03-07: Should Space be Privatized? 10:45: As the hydrogen fuel in the sun's core gets diluted by helium, the fusion rate does decrease and the core shrink. 11:12: That means new hydrogen flows down to the core, while the helium produced in core fusion is mixed through the star. 11:28: That leads to a layering, an inert core, surrounded by a fusing of hydrogen, which results in a dramatic death cycle. 11:12: That means new hydrogen flows down to the core, while the helium produced in core fusion is mixed through the star. 10:45: As the hydrogen fuel in the sun's core gets diluted by helium, the fusion rate does decrease and the core shrink.
	2018-02-21: The Death of the Sun 00:21: In just a moment, our star will fuse the last of the hydrogen in its core, triggering a cataclysmic sequence of events. 00:49: They live their lives fusing hydrogen to helium in their cores, shining bright and stable for as long as that hydrogen lasts. 01:31: ... [INAUDIBLE] life, I mean the period of core hydrogen fusion, when the steady flow of energy from the core provides consistent ... 02:07: As the last traces of hydrogen are slammed together into helium 4 nuclei, fusion will cease. 02:22: ... gravity, that core begins to collapse, dragging the surrounding layer of hydrogen with ... 02:35: Soon, a thin shell of fresh hydrogen fuel around the dead core becomes hot enough to ignite. 02:42: Hydrogen shell burning begins. 03:52: While the stars outer layers of hydrogen are expanding and cooling, the core continues to collapse until it hits a quantum mechanical limit. 05:16: Finally, surrounding an inert carbon oxygen core are two fusing shells, helium fusion inside hydrogen fusion. 02:35: Soon, a thin shell of fresh hydrogen fuel around the dead core becomes hot enough to ignite. 01:31: ... [INAUDIBLE] life, I mean the period of core hydrogen fusion, when the steady flow of energy from the core provides consistent support ... 05:16: Finally, surrounding an inert carbon oxygen core are two fusing shells, helium fusion inside hydrogen fusion. 00:49: They live their lives fusing hydrogen to helium in their cores, shining bright and stable for as long as that hydrogen lasts. 02:42: Hydrogen shell burning begins.
	2018-01-24: The End of the Habitable Zone 00:27: Hydrogen is fused into helium in the sun's core, producing energy that keeps it shining and keeps the earth warm and hospitable to life. 01:09: ... the sun is able to remain as a giant ball of fiery hydrogen due to a delicate balance between the outer flow of energy produced by ... 01:22: The rate of fusion of hydrogen into helium increases with the temperature and density of the core. 01:43: At that point, the sun had plenty of hydrogen fuel. 01:46: But over time that hydrogen has been diluted. 03:01: ... bright and a third again as large before it finishes burning it store of hydrogen fuel in around 5 billion ... 06:44: ... vapor increases H2O molecules in the stratosphere will be broken into hydrogen and oxygen and the light hydrogen atoms will be lost to ... 01:43: At that point, the sun had plenty of hydrogen fuel. 03:01: ... bright and a third again as large before it finishes burning it store of hydrogen fuel in around 5 billion ...
	2018-01-10: What Do Stars Sound Like? 06:21: ... the composition of the core, which tells us how much of the sun's hydrogen fuel source has already been burned into ...
	2017-12-20: Extinction by Gamma-Ray Burst 11:30: And that's greater than the yield of Tsar Bomba, the greatest hydrogen bomb ever detonated.
	2017-10-25: The Missing Mass Mystery 03:07: For example, in the first several minutes after the Big Bang, hydrogen fused into deuterium and helium. 03:14: The proportion of hydrogen that ended up getting fused is very dependent on the density of that hydrogen, so the baryonic mass. 03:23: ... deuterium today tells us that there should have been 10 times as much hydrogen to start with than we actually see today in galaxies and ... 03:07: For example, in the first several minutes after the Big Bang, hydrogen fused into deuterium and helium.
	2017-10-19: The Nature of Nothing 07:10: ... the two electron orbitals that comprise the second energy level of the hydrogen ... 13:06: ... another example, the cores of Jupiter and Saturn may be largely liquid hydrogen, despite the fact that the temperatures there are way higher than the ... 07:10: ... the two electron orbitals that comprise the second energy level of the hydrogen atom. ...
	2017-09-13: Neutron Stars Collide in New LIGO Signal? 13:20: ... 50 to 200 trillion watts of power, which is the equivalent of a megaton hydrogen bomb exploding every 2 ...
	2017-08-24: First Detection of Life 08:37: We've even started to look at super-Earths, like in 55 Cancri e, detecting hydrogen and helium.
	2017-08-16: Extraterrestrial Superstorms 05:02: Most of Jupiter's visible clouds are ammonia ice, tainted with colorful impurities, but there also clouds of hydrogen sulfide and regular H2O.
	2017-08-02: Dark Flow 02:51: After all, those galaxies formed from the hot hydrogen plasma that produced the CMB. 03:39: ... of galaxies and are bathed in a diffuse but searing hot plasma-- hydrogen and helium, with temperatures up to 100 million ... 02:51: After all, those galaxies formed from the hot hydrogen plasma that produced the CMB.
	2017-06-28: The First Quantum Field Theory 14:02: ... it failed to predict the fine structure emission line energies in hydrogen due to not accounting for electron ...
	2017-05-31: The Fate of the First Stars 00:45: See, the sun and all stars are made of the raw material forged in the heat of the Big Bang itself-- hydrogen and helium, mostly. 01:30: And the relative quantity of metals versus hydrogen and helium is a star's metalicity. 02:32: ... stars, shining in the first ever proto galaxies, born of the pristine hydrogen and helium gas that filled the universe soon after the Big ... 04:05: One might think that having more mass-- more hydrogen to fuse in their cores-- would allow a star to burn longer. 05:52: Stars form when vast clouds of mostly molecular hydrogen collapse under their own gravity. 07:22: But without materials to help cooling, a giant cloud of pristine hydrogen helium gas can't shed its heat quickly enough. 08:27: They pumped out ultraviolet radiation, which began the work of energizing, of ionizing, the atomic and molecular hydrogen that filled the universe. 08:36: ... which saw the universe shift from being a hazy, nearly opaque fog of hydrogen gas to the crystal clear and extremely diffuse hydrogen plasma that we ... 10:21: They radiate intense light, with a signature ultraviolet wavelength of hydrogen. 05:52: Stars form when vast clouds of mostly molecular hydrogen collapse under their own gravity. 08:36: ... which saw the universe shift from being a hazy, nearly opaque fog of hydrogen gas to the crystal clear and extremely diffuse hydrogen plasma that we see ... 07:22: But without materials to help cooling, a giant cloud of pristine hydrogen helium gas can't shed its heat quickly enough. 08:36: ... opaque fog of hydrogen gas to the crystal clear and extremely diffuse hydrogen plasma that we see ...
	2017-05-10: The Great American Eclipse 05:58: ... you see the chromosphere, red from a specific electron transition in the hydrogen of the sun's upper ...
	2017-04-19: The Oh My God Particle 05:06: Most of them are single protons, the nuclei of hydrogen atoms.
	2017-03-01: The Treasures of Trappist-1 06:50: ... Space Telescope has confirmed that the a, b, and h planets don't have hydrogen helium atmospheres, which means they aren't gassy planets like ...
	2017-02-22: The Eye of Sauron Reveals a Forming Solar System! 02:17: Cold and adrift, the mostly hydrogen gas yields to gravity once it reaches the critical Jeans mass. 08:34: Stars typically form in groups as very large clouds of molecular hydrogen collapse and break apart into separate pieces. 02:17: Cold and adrift, the mostly hydrogen gas yields to gravity once it reaches the critical Jeans mass.
	2017-01-25: Why Quasars are so Awesome 07:21: The first quasars turned on in a very young universe that was still thick with the raw hydrogen gas produced in the Big Bang.
	2017-01-11: The EM Drive: Fact or Fantasy? 08:05: ... can reproduce certain quantum observables, like the energy levels of the hydrogen ...
	2016-12-21: Have They Seen Us? 07:33: One of its primary purposes will be to catch the radio emission from hydrogen gas in the extremely early universe. 07:58: That redshifted early hydrogen emission is now found slap in the middle of the noisy lower frequency part of our own TV broadcast spectrum. 11:48: That redshifted 21-centimeter hydrogen emission really is one of the most important keys to understanding the very early universe. 07:58: That redshifted early hydrogen emission is now found slap in the middle of the noisy lower frequency part of our own TV broadcast spectrum. 11:48: That redshifted 21-centimeter hydrogen emission really is one of the most important keys to understanding the very early universe. 07:33: One of its primary purposes will be to catch the radio emission from hydrogen gas in the extremely early universe.
	2016-11-30: Pilot Wave Theory and Quantum Realism 16:05: A five centimeter tube of neutronium would explode with the equivalent energy of around a trillion hydrogen bombs.
	2016-10-12: Black Holes from the Dawn of Time 12:29: This leads to all sorts of useful behavior, like surface tension, capillary action, and hydrogen bonding.
	2016-09-29: Life on Europa? 00:42: This is roughly the same location where a plume of hydrogen and oxygen ions was also seen by Hubble. 03:49: The foundation of these are the single-celled organisms that extract energy from the hydrogen sulfide spewing from the vents.
	2016-08-24: Should We Build a Dyson Sphere? 06:39: Only 0.7% of the rest mass of the ingoing hydrogen fuel at the sun's core is converted to energy.
	2016-07-06: Juno to Reveal Jupiter's Violent Past 01:22: ... it had enough gravity to start holding on to the 300-ish Earth masses of hydrogen and helium that make up most of the planet ... 01:42: ... bulk of Jupiter is thought to be in the form of metallic hydrogen fluid, a strange theoretical state of hydrogen existing only at extreme ... 01:52: The conductivity of metallic hydrogen is thought to result in the enormous electric currents that produce Jupiter's prodigious magnetic field. 01:42: ... in the form of metallic hydrogen fluid, a strange theoretical state of hydrogen existing only at extreme ...
	2016-06-01: Is Quantum Tunneling Faster than Light? 05:01: In fact, without quantum tunneling, stars could not fuse hydrogen into heavy nuclei.
	2016-04-13: Will the Universe Expand Forever? 10:49: ... elements in the universe, only two have an odd number of protons-- hydrogen and nitrogen. However, there are many ways to build elements out of this ...
	2016-04-06: We Are Star Stuff 02:37: ... start with the simplest, hydrogen. Your body is up to 60% water, H2O, which makes you around 40% hydrogen ... 02:51: ... vast majority of that hydrogen has a lonely proton nucleus, a trio of quarks that found each other ... 04:31: And all of that hydrogen and helium would later become the fuel for the later formation of stars. 04:55: Our sun, and in fact every star in the prime of its life on what we call the main sequence, shines by forging hydrogen into helium. 06:08: ... the star took millions of years to burn through its original hydrogen core, when that core is entirely silicon, it burns through that fuel in ...
	2016-03-30: Pulsar Starquakes Make Fast Radio Bursts? + Challenge Winners! 05:28: 75% of the baryonic mass is in hydrogen, which has just one proton and no neutrons.
	2016-03-09: Cosmic Microwave Background Challenge 00:23: ... was around 380,000 years old, and had just cooled down enough for the hydrogen plasma that filled the universe to become hydrogen ... 03:01: ... enough for those electrons to be captured by protons to form the first hydrogen atoms in an event called ... 00:23: ... down enough for the hydrogen plasma that filled the universe to become hydrogen gas. ...
	2016-03-02: What’s Wrong With the Big Bang Theory? 05:19: It's full of this hot glowing hydrogen plasma.
	2016-02-24: Why the Big Bang Definitely Happened 03:51: ... which point the entire universe slipped from plasma to gas as the first hydrogen atoms ...
	2015-11-18: 5 Ways to Stop a Killer Asteroid 02:30: ... ago, hitting the Yucatan Peninsula with the power of a billion megaton hydrogen ...
	2015-10-22: Have Gravitational Waves Been Discovered?!? 10:30: ... magnetic funnel ahead of your craft, which scoops up this interstellar hydrogen and channels it into maybe a fusion engine to power your ...
	2015-10-15: 5 REAL Possibilities for Interstellar Travel 03:16: ... roughly 3/4 of our starship's mass being taken up by 300,000 1 megaton hydrogen bombs, blast them behind us one by one over about a month, and we ...
	2015-09-30: What Happens At The Edge Of The Universe? 08:51: By comparison, the cold hydrogen gas that fills our galaxy clumps together in giant clouds.
	2015-05-20: The Real Meaning of E=mc² 00:02: A hydrogen atom has less mass than the combined masses of the proton and the electron that make it up. 05:21: ... at the top of the episode, I stated that the mass of a hydrogen atom is less than the combined masses of the electron and the proton ... 05:48: So the potential energy of the electron and proton in a hydrogen atom is negative. 05:52: Now the electron in hydrogen also has kinetic energy, which is always positive, due to its movement around the product proton. 05:58: ... and therefore m equals E over c squared also comes out negative, and a hydrogen atom weighs less than the combined masses of its ... 00:02: A hydrogen atom has less mass than the combined masses of the proton and the electron that make it up. 05:21: ... at the top of the episode, I stated that the mass of a hydrogen atom is less than the combined masses of the electron and the proton that ... 05:48: So the potential energy of the electron and proton in a hydrogen atom is negative. 05:58: ... and therefore m equals E over c squared also comes out negative, and a hydrogen atom weighs less than the combined masses of its ...
	2015-04-01: Is the Moon in Majora’s Mask a Black Hole? 08:22: Gareth Dean pointed out that the early universe contains not just hydrogen but also helium, and asks whether CMB analysis takes this into account.

85 result(s) shown.

Help · About · Index