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	2022-12-08: How Are Quasiparticles Different From Particles? 11:07: Ideally that first electron is part of an electric current, so it moves along. 00:53: Now electrons, which are regular particles, are pushed around inside electrical circuits, but it’s only half the story. 08:17: The heat due to electrical resistance is one of the main limitations on running your computer as fast as you might like to. 08:57: And, as it happens, the new quasiparticle we’re going to create can help us with this electrical resistance problem. 09:05: ... as Superconductivity, when you cool a metal near absolute zero and the electrical resistance becomes zero, which in turn creates many cool interactions ... 09:43: Add a voltage and those electrons are free to travel through the structure as an electrical current. 00:53: Now electrons, which are regular particles, are pushed around inside electrical circuits, but it’s only half the story. 09:43: Add a voltage and those electrons are free to travel through the structure as an electrical current. 08:17: The heat due to electrical resistance is one of the main limitations on running your computer as fast as you might like to. 08:57: And, as it happens, the new quasiparticle we’re going to create can help us with this electrical resistance problem. 09:05: ... as Superconductivity, when you cool a metal near absolute zero and the electrical resistance becomes zero, which in turn creates many cool interactions with ... 08:57: And, as it happens, the new quasiparticle we’re going to create can help us with this electrical resistance problem. 04:09: ... causing it to narrow and electrons hop across, enabling the flow of electricity. ... 04:19: That’s the diode - a valve for electricity.
	2022-11-23: How To See Black Holes By Catching Neutrinos 01:32: ... these three; with the most striking differences being that neutrinos are electrically neutral and have much lower masses than the charged ...
	2022-11-16: Are there Undiscovered Elements Beyond The Periodic Table? 07:36: However, electromagnetism just keeps getting stronger the closer two electric charges get. 15:04: Millions of people rely on it for their electricity.
	2022-10-26: Why Did Quantum Entanglement Win the Nobel Prize in Physics? 09:42: ... quartz is vibrating, and that vibration can be turned on and off with an electric ... 09:54: ... photons could be sent to different polarizers depending on an electrical switch - a switch that could be turned on and off quickly and randomly ...
	2022-10-19: The Equation That Explains (Nearly) Everything! 10:36: ... by a new symbol which represents the charge that field interacts with: electric charge, isospin, hypercharge, and color charge, and the more complex the ...
	2022-10-12: The REAL Possibility of Mapping Alien Planets! 19:23: ... but the most natural thing to   change is the ratio of the electric charge  squared to vacuum permittivity. Remember   that ...
	2022-09-28: Why Is 1/137 One of the Greatest Unsolved Problems In Physics? 10:02: There’s no way for the alien civilization to recognize these numbers without knowing our units for distance, time, mass, electric charge, etc.
	2022-09-14: Could the Higgs Boson Lead Us to Dark Matter? 05:46: ... particles with electrical charge OR color charge can’t decay into Higgs bosons, because the Higgs ... 06:01: ... that excludes the electrically charged leptons: electrons, muons and tau particles; it excludes the ...
	2022-08-24: What Makes The Strong Force Strong? 02:03: ... that if you arrange particles according to their strangeness and their electric charge, they fall into geometric patterns like this hexagon with eight ... 08:49: Let's say we have a proton and an electron, their electric charges attract and they form a neutral hydrogen atom. 08:55: ... is what electrical charges do, they attract each other until their electric fields cancel out, that's why everything around you is electrically ... 09:05: You would have to get really close to an atom to feel the positive electric field of the nucleus, or the negative electric field of the electrons. 11:32: That means photons can interact with objects without affecting their electric charge, and thus neutral objects can interact with magnetic fields. 02:03: ... that if you arrange particles according to their strangeness and their electric charge, they fall into geometric patterns like this hexagon with eight particles ... 11:32: That means photons can interact with objects without affecting their electric charge, and thus neutral objects can interact with magnetic fields. 08:49: Let's say we have a proton and an electron, their electric charges attract and they form a neutral hydrogen atom. 09:05: You would have to get really close to an atom to feel the positive electric field of the nucleus, or the negative electric field of the electrons. 08:55: ... is what electrical charges do, they attract each other until their electric fields cancel out, that's why everything around you is electrically ... 06:03: Electrically charged particles interact with each other via the electromagnetic field. 08:55: ... their electric fields cancel out, that's why everything around you is electrically ... 11:13: Electrically neutral objects cannot feel electrostatic attraction, but they can certainly feel magnetism. 11:25: This is possible because the mediating particle of electromagnetism, the photon, is itself electrically neutral. 06:03: Electrically charged particles interact with each other via the electromagnetic field. 08:55: ... their electric fields cancel out, that's why everything around you is electrically neutral. ... 11:13: Electrically neutral objects cannot feel electrostatic attraction, but they can certainly feel magnetism. 11:25: This is possible because the mediating particle of electromagnetism, the photon, is itself electrically neutral. 11:13: Electrically neutral objects cannot feel electrostatic attraction, but they can certainly feel magnetism.
	2022-07-27: How Many States Of Matter Are There? 04:28: ... sufficiently unique set of emergent behaviors - like the extremely low electrical resistance of a superconductor, or the near absence of viscosity in a ...
	2022-07-20: What If We Live in a Superdeterministic Universe? 17:03: ... that note, Dandelion Stitches points out that the problem with electric charge sign convention could be resolved by including a list of common ...
	2022-06-30: Could We Decode Alien Physics? 00:00: ... circuitry   is the lightest lepton and has negative  electric charge. Obviously the ... 01:25: ... circuitry, not electronic. It’s just   that they define electric charge in the opposite way - electrons positive, positrons ... 02:25: ... we figure that out, let’s recall how we  humans decided on our own electric charge sign   convention. It was a pretty arbitrary ... 04:59: ... equations tell us how particles with    electric charges respond to each other. They  don’t care what names we give ... 05:20: ... the laws of physics to determine the  alien sign convention for electric ... 06:55: ... depends on an arbitrary convention,   just like the sign of electric charge - in this  case, something called the right-hand ... 07:38: ... minus sign can equally be interpreted as a flip in the sign of the electric charge in that equation.   If you change the convention for ... 10:41: ... so we still need to know which sign convention they use for electric charge.  The combination of charge and parity  transformation ... 11:52: ... What if the aliens use reverse conventions for the sign of electric charge, the handedness of parity,   and the direction of the ... 00:00: ... circuitry   is the lightest lepton and has negative  electric charge. Obviously the ... 01:25: ... circuitry, not electronic. It’s just   that they define electric charge in the opposite way - electrons positive, positrons ... 02:25: ... we figure that out, let’s recall how we  humans decided on our own electric charge sign   convention. It was a pretty arbitrary choice  ... 05:20: ... the laws of physics to determine the  alien sign convention for electric charge. ... 06:55: ... depends on an arbitrary convention,   just like the sign of electric charge - in this  case, something called the right-hand ... 07:38: ... minus sign can equally be interpreted as a flip in the sign of the electric charge in that equation.   If you change the convention for parity by ... 11:52: ... What if the aliens use reverse conventions for the sign of electric charge, the handedness of parity,   and the direction of the flow of ... 06:55: ... depends on an arbitrary convention,   just like the sign of electric charge - in this  case, something called the right-hand ... 02:25: ... we figure that out, let’s recall how we  humans decided on our own electric charge sign   convention. It was a pretty arbitrary choice  based on a mistake. ... 10:41: ... so we still need to know which sign convention they use for electric charge.  The combination of charge and parity  transformation - appears to ... 02:25: ... you rub a glass rod with a piece of cloth,   both gain an electric charge.  Franklin was the first to guess   that both rod and cloth gain the same ... 04:59: ... equations tell us how particles with    electric charges respond to each other. They  don’t care what names we give those ... 02:25: ... just with opposite signs to the charge.  He imagined an electric fluid that flowed  from one to the other, so that in one you   ... 06:55: ... we’re not quite there yet. The Franklin convention for the sign of electrically charged   particles is not the only arbitrary choice ... 02:25: ... mistake. Made by this guy, Benjamin   Franklin. The nature of electricity was just  one among Franklin’s many scientific interests.  By ...
	2022-04-27: How the Higgs Mechanism Give Things Mass 01:11: The W bosons are especially weird in  that they also have electric charge. 04:37: ... that look like weak isospin and weak hypercharge,   but no electric charge. In our universe  these three quantities are sort ... 05:24: ... and hypercharge are tightly coupled,  and their combination defines electric charge.   Is it time to give up on this symmetry stuff ... 01:11: The W bosons are especially weird in  that they also have electric charge. 04:37: ... that look like weak isospin and weak hypercharge,   but no electric charge. In our universe  these three quantities are sort of   ... 05:24: ... and hypercharge are tightly coupled,  and their combination defines electric charge.   Is it time to give up on this symmetry stuff ...
	2022-03-23: Where Is The Center of The Universe? 14:46: ... in search of habitable worlds, and the other one where we asked whether electric charge really is a fundamental property of ...
	2022-03-16: What If Charge is NOT Fundamental? 00:07: It's as though this thing - electric charge - is as fundamental a property of an object as its mass. 00:44: Except that all of electromagnetism is powered by a single property: electric charge. 00:50: And neither Maxwell’s equations nor QED say a thing about what electric charge really is. 01:20: But actually, in the case of electric charge we have at least one or two more “but why’s” with which we can annoy the universe. 01:52: ... same mass, with the only major difference being our mysterious friend - electric ... 03:44: But for isospin to really do its job, it needed to explain the most obvious difference between protons and neutrons - which is to say electric charge. 04:14: For example, some of these particles had very similar masses but very different electric charges, which I hope reminds you of the proton and neutron. 04:33: But what exactly was the connection between isospin and electric charge? 04:54: Similar to how the electron and positron are only created in pairs in order to conserve electric charge. 05:13: ... spin, this new property seemed to obey the math for our old friend electric ... 05:30: Electric charge, isospin and hypercharge were intimately connected across all particles. 05:37: In fact, it seemed that electric charge was just isospin plus half of hypercharge. 07:05: Isospin and hypercharge seemed to be “deeper” than electric charge. 08:12: So after all this hard thinking it turns out that isospin and hypercharge were as much mathematical abstractions as was electric charge. 08:21: ... governs these differences between particle groups, and that also governs electric ... 08:59: ... it's by unraveling one of the forces of nature that we can explain electric charge - but it's not the strong force, it's not even ... 09:07: The secrets of electric charge are actually hiding in the last, most obscure of the quantum forces - the weak force. 10:58: It acts more like electric charge, so we'll be imaginative and call it weak hypercharge. 11:14: Which is to say, electric charge equals weak isospin plus half weak hypercharge. 11:35: That's right, quarks feel the weak force and obey the same rule for their electric charge. 12:04: So does that mean that electric charge is not really fundamental? 12:31: ... specific combination of values - the combination that we now observe as electric ... 12:50: So we now know that electric charge is a sort of shadow of the ancient fields from the birth of the universe. 13:15: But is it any more fundamental that the  dubiously fundamental electric charge? 00:07: It's as though this thing - electric charge - is as fundamental a property of an object as its mass. 00:44: Except that all of electromagnetism is powered by a single property: electric charge. 00:50: And neither Maxwell’s equations nor QED say a thing about what electric charge really is. 01:20: But actually, in the case of electric charge we have at least one or two more “but why’s” with which we can annoy the universe. 01:52: ... same mass, with the only major difference being our mysterious friend - electric charge. ... 03:44: But for isospin to really do its job, it needed to explain the most obvious difference between protons and neutrons - which is to say electric charge. 04:33: But what exactly was the connection between isospin and electric charge? 04:54: Similar to how the electron and positron are only created in pairs in order to conserve electric charge. 05:13: ... spin, this new property seemed to obey the math for our old friend electric charge. ... 05:30: Electric charge, isospin and hypercharge were intimately connected across all particles. 05:37: In fact, it seemed that electric charge was just isospin plus half of hypercharge. 07:05: Isospin and hypercharge seemed to be “deeper” than electric charge. 08:12: So after all this hard thinking it turns out that isospin and hypercharge were as much mathematical abstractions as was electric charge. 08:21: ... governs these differences between particle groups, and that also governs electric charge. ... 08:59: ... it's by unraveling one of the forces of nature that we can explain electric charge - but it's not the strong force, it's not even ... 09:07: The secrets of electric charge are actually hiding in the last, most obscure of the quantum forces - the weak force. 10:58: It acts more like electric charge, so we'll be imaginative and call it weak hypercharge. 11:14: Which is to say, electric charge equals weak isospin plus half weak hypercharge. 11:35: That's right, quarks feel the weak force and obey the same rule for their electric charge. 12:04: So does that mean that electric charge is not really fundamental? 12:31: ... specific combination of values - the combination that we now observe as electric charge. ... 12:50: So we now know that electric charge is a sort of shadow of the ancient fields from the birth of the universe. 13:15: But is it any more fundamental that the  dubiously fundamental electric charge? 00:07: It's as though this thing - electric charge - is as fundamental a property of an object as its mass. 08:59: ... it's by unraveling one of the forces of nature that we can explain electric charge - but it's not the strong force, it's not even ... 11:14: Which is to say, electric charge equals weak isospin plus half weak hypercharge. 05:30: Electric charge, isospin and hypercharge were intimately connected across all particles. 04:14: For example, some of these particles had very similar masses but very different electric charges, which I hope reminds you of the proton and neutron. 00:30: Although many mysteries remain in physics, at least our understanding of electricity and magnetism seems pretty complete.
	2022-02-16: Is The Wave Function The Building Block of Reality? 11:09: ... or some other collapsing field. If the quantum object happens to be electrically charged, then the constant jiggling and acceleration caused by this ...
	2022-01-27: How Does Gravity Escape A Black Hole? 10:30: And this last argument also tells us how it can be that a black hole can possess electric charge. 10:37: If a black hole swallows electric charge, the electromagnetic field around the black hole grows. 10:30: And this last argument also tells us how it can be that a black hole can possess electric charge. 10:37: If a black hole swallows electric charge, the electromagnetic field around the black hole grows.
	2021-12-10: 2021 End of Year AMA! 00:02: ... is conducting plates that are close together and sending a bunch of electric charge through it i'm sure that it was more advanced than that ...
	2021-11-17: Are Black Holes Actually Fuzzballs? 01:14: ... properties that we can observe from outside a black hole are its mass, electric charge, and angular ...
	2021-10-20: Will Constructor Theory REWRITE Physics? 06:14: For example, a wheel powered by falling water that also pumps that same water back up to the top while at the same time driving an electric generator.
	2021-10-13: New Results in Quantum Tunneling vs. The Speed of Light 15:57: Same as if the black hole held electric charge; it would produce an electric field.
	2021-10-05: Why Magnetic Monopoles SHOULD Exist 00:30: The electric field of the bar now looks like this - that’s a dipole field. 00:35: ... cut the bar in half and you get a pair of electric charges - one negative and one positive, both of which have electric ... 00:50: You get a dipole magnetic field that’s very similar to the dipole electric field. 00:55: So if we cut this bar in half surely we get a pair of magnetic charges similar to our electric charges, right? 01:51: ... around in a circle In both cases - electron spin or or a circular electric current there’s a sense of electric charge in ... 02:06: And according to classical electrodynamics, moving electric charge is the source of the magnetic field. 03:00: ... the other hand, Gauss’ law for electric fields tells us that the divergence of the electric field is not zero - ... 03:09: That charge density is where the electric field lines can end - it forms their source or their sink. 03:16: So there are such things as isolated electric charges. 03:23: This is them without any charges - electric or magnetic. 03:26: E is the electric field and B is the magnetic field. 03:30: ... electricity and magnetism which only gets screwed up when you put in the electric charge - here in the form of charge density and current ... 04:54: ... soon as we require this - but in that version of electromagnetism, the electric and magnetic fields are VERY different from each other, and not at all ... 05:09: ... field lines can never end - so it can’t have its own charge, unlike the electric ... 06:14: ... you build a solenoid - just a coil carrying an electric current - you get a dipole field whose connecting field lines are ... 07:29: The amount of the phase shift is proportional to the electric charge. 07:42: ... for the Dirac string to be undetectable then electric charge can only exist in integer multiples of that basic charge This is ... 08:13: ... the one hand this was taken as a prediction of the quantization of electric charge - electric charge has to be discrete if there’s even a single ... 08:25: And of course we know that electric charge really is quantized - it can only be integer multiples of the charge of the electron. 08:34: ... quantization, you can also flip it: magnetic monopoles are possible if electric charge is ... 12:36: ... it wouldn’t be too hard to spot - for example a monopole would excite an electric current if passed through a conducting ... 14:18: Kyle, we are taught by Paul Dirac that if there's even a single magnetic monopole in the entire universe then electric charge must be quantized. 01:51: ... - electron spin or or a circular electric current there’s a sense of electric charge in ... 02:06: And according to classical electrodynamics, moving electric charge is the source of the magnetic field. 03:00: ... the divergence of the electric field is not zero - it’s equal to the electric charge ... 03:30: ... electricity and magnetism which only gets screwed up when you put in the electric charge - here in the form of charge density and current ... 07:29: The amount of the phase shift is proportional to the electric charge. 07:42: ... for the Dirac string to be undetectable then electric charge can only exist in integer multiples of that basic charge This is a very ... 08:13: ... the one hand this was taken as a prediction of the quantization of electric charge - electric charge has to be discrete if there’s even a single magnetic ... 08:25: And of course we know that electric charge really is quantized - it can only be integer multiples of the charge of the electron. 08:34: ... quantization, you can also flip it: magnetic monopoles are possible if electric charge is ... 14:18: Kyle, we are taught by Paul Dirac that if there's even a single magnetic monopole in the entire universe then electric charge must be quantized. 03:30: ... electricity and magnetism which only gets screwed up when you put in the electric charge - here in the form of charge density and current ... 08:13: ... the one hand this was taken as a prediction of the quantization of electric charge - electric charge has to be discrete if there’s even a single magnetic ... 03:00: ... the divergence of the electric field is not zero - it’s equal to the electric charge density. ... 00:35: ... cut the bar in half and you get a pair of electric charges - one negative and one positive, both of which have electric fields that ... 00:55: So if we cut this bar in half surely we get a pair of magnetic charges similar to our electric charges, right? 03:16: So there are such things as isolated electric charges. 00:35: ... cut the bar in half and you get a pair of electric charges - one negative and one positive, both of which have electric fields that ... 01:51: ... around in a circle In both cases - electron spin or or a circular electric current there’s a sense of electric charge in ... 06:14: ... you build a solenoid - just a coil carrying an electric current - you get a dipole field whose connecting field lines are constrained ... 12:36: ... it wouldn’t be too hard to spot - for example a monopole would excite an electric current if passed through a conducting ... 06:14: ... you build a solenoid - just a coil carrying an electric current - you get a dipole field whose connecting field lines are constrained ... 00:30: The electric field of the bar now looks like this - that’s a dipole field. 00:50: You get a dipole magnetic field that’s very similar to the dipole electric field. 03:00: ... hand, Gauss’ law for electric fields tells us that the divergence of the electric field is not zero - it’s equal to the electric charge ... 03:09: That charge density is where the electric field lines can end - it forms their source or their sink. 03:26: E is the electric field and B is the magnetic field. 05:09: ... field lines can never end - so it can’t have its own charge, unlike the electric field. ... 03:09: That charge density is where the electric field lines can end - it forms their source or their sink. 00:35: ... of electric charges - one negative and one positive, both of which have electric fields that radiate straight ... 03:00: ... the other hand, Gauss’ law for electric fields tells us that the divergence of the electric field is not zero - it’s ... 03:30: ... a near perfect symmetry between electricity and magnetism which only gets screwed up when you put in the electric ...
	2021-09-15: Neutron Stars: The Most Extreme Objects in the Universe 02:00: ... positron currents flowing the other way- due to their opposite electric charges. These and   other charged particles end up being ... 08:15: ... to each other due to   the strong nuclear force, the electric repulsion between the remaining protons tries to push ... 02:00: ... positron currents flowing the other way- due to their opposite electric charges. These and   other charged particles end up being ... 08:15: ... to each other due to   the strong nuclear force, the electric repulsion between the remaining protons tries to push them   as far away from ...
	2021-08-18: How Vacuum Decay Would Destroy The Universe 02:52: ... For example, for an electromagnetic wave  - a photon - the electric and magnetic   fields rise and fall between positive and  ...
	2021-08-03: How An Extreme New Star Could Change All Cosmology 17:08: ... people also hopped on to imply that with this episode I’d validated the electric universe idea - which states that electromagnetism drives the universe ...
	2021-07-21: How Magnetism Shapes The Universe 02:43: ... if that charge already has a circular motion - for example the electric current in an electromagnet, or the aligned electron spins in a ... 06:29: The light gets polarized - which means the direction of its electric and magnetic fields pick up a preferred direction rather than being random. 07:35: If the electric and magnetic fields of a collection of photons all tend to point in the same direction, we say the light is linearly polarized. 02:43: ... if that charge already has a circular motion - for example the electric current in an electromagnet, or the aligned electron spins in a ferromagnet, ... 03:53: Here the field is generated by electrical currents flowing in the searing plasma near the Sun’s surface. 01:39: It’s generated when electrically charged particles move. 01:43: Even if the substance is electrically neutral you’ll still get a magnetic field as long as the charges are moving in opposite directions. 01:39: It’s generated when electrically charged particles move. 01:43: Even if the substance is electrically neutral you’ll still get a magnetic field as long as the charges are moving in opposite directions.
	2021-04-07: Why the Muon g-2 Results Are So Exciting! 01:56: ... from the part of the Standard Model that describes how particles with electric charge interact via the electromagnetic force, quantum ... 03:09: Every particle with electric charge also has quantum spin. 03:15: ... with quantum spin do generate a magnetic field, same as if you send an electric charge around a looped wire, or have electrical currency in Earth's ... 01:56: ... from the part of the Standard Model that describes how particles with electric charge interact via the electromagnetic force, quantum ... 03:09: Every particle with electric charge also has quantum spin. 03:15: ... with quantum spin do generate a magnetic field, same as if you send an electric charge around a looped wire, or have electrical currency in Earth's spinning ... 01:56: ... from the part of the Standard Model that describes how particles with electric charge interact via the electromagnetic force, quantum ... 03:15: ... same as if you send an electric charge around a looped wire, or have electrical currency in Earth's spinning ...
	2021-03-09: How Does Gravity Affect Light? 03:56: ... process that generates a photon can be thought of as a clock - be it an electric charge pulsing up and down a radio antenna, or an atom vibrating back ...
	2021-01-26: Is Dark Matter Made of Particles? 02:05: Any electrically charged particle experiences the electromagnetic force and can communicate with other charged particles by exchanging photons. 02:14: But for an electrically neutral particle like a neutrino, electromagnetism is a language it doesn’t speak. 03:22: Good - so it must be electrically neutral like the neutrino. 05:25: ... let’s review - if dark matter is a particle, it’s electrically neutral and doesn’t interact much with itself, and it’s relatively ... 08:42: ... called a ‘neutralino.’ It’s a sort of ‘three in one particle’ where the electrically neutral superpartners of the Z boson, photon, and Higgs particle, all ... 02:05: Any electrically charged particle experiences the electromagnetic force and can communicate with other charged particles by exchanging photons. 02:14: But for an electrically neutral particle like a neutrino, electromagnetism is a language it doesn’t speak. 03:22: Good - so it must be electrically neutral like the neutrino. 05:25: ... let’s review - if dark matter is a particle, it’s electrically neutral and doesn’t interact much with itself, and it’s relatively slow-moving, ... 08:42: ... called a ‘neutralino.’ It’s a sort of ‘three in one particle’ where the electrically neutral superpartners of the Z boson, photon, and Higgs particle, all mix ... 02:14: But for an electrically neutral particle like a neutrino, electromagnetism is a language it doesn’t speak. 08:42: ... called a ‘neutralino.’ It’s a sort of ‘three in one particle’ where the electrically neutral superpartners of the Z boson, photon, and Higgs particle, all mix ...
	2020-12-22: Navigating with Quantum Entanglement 02:52: ... structures in their beaks which help them orient; others have proposed electrically charged fluids sloshing around in the inner ...
	2020-11-11: Can Free Will be Saved in a Deterministic Universe? 12:31: You don't choose the mechanical behavior of your brain's atoms or the electrical potential that triggers each firing neuron.
	2020-09-28: Solving Quantum Cryptography 15:28: John Momberg asks if this could all happen with electric monopoles, given that magnetic monopoles don’t exist. 15:43: Could we do this with electric monopoles which definitely exist? 15:49: Electrons and quarks are electric monopoles. 15:52: So that bizarre electric monopole-based life is us. 15:28: John Momberg asks if this could all happen with electric monopoles, given that magnetic monopoles don’t exist. 15:43: Could we do this with electric monopoles which definitely exist? 15:49: Electrons and quarks are electric monopoles.
	2020-09-08: The Truth About Beauty in Physics 09:30: And Maxwell’s equations, which parsimoniously unite electricity and magnetism but also predict the existence of electromagnetic waves - of light.
	2020-08-24: Can Future Colliders Break the Standard Model? 01:22: ... first was the linear accelerator, or linac, which uses oscillating electric fields to accelerate charged particles in a straight line, while the ... 01:32: ... cyclotron quickly followed - here the particles are still accelerated by electric fields, but now a constant magnetic field causes the beam to spiral ... 01:22: ... first was the linear accelerator, or linac, which uses oscillating electric fields to accelerate charged particles in a straight line, while the beam is ... 01:32: ... cyclotron quickly followed - here the particles are still accelerated by electric fields, but now a constant magnetic field causes the beam to spiral outwards ...
	2020-07-28: What is a Theory of Everything: Livestream 00:00: ... james you would call those the lepton number the spin and the char electric charge and so on but that's just the words that we humans made up ...
	2020-07-20: The Boundary Between Black Holes & Neutron Stars 12:34: ... trying to disolve an event horizon by throwoing more and more electric charge into it - Ultimantis points out that it would be increasingly ...
	2020-07-08: Does Antimatter Explain Why There's Something Rather Than Nothing? 06:00: ... which are electrically neutral and so are hard to even store using electric and magnetic ... 08:00: ... Decelerator, where they are slowed down by pulses of radiofrequency electric fields as they travel around the ring. They can then be redirected to a ... 09:19: ... of the particles, their orbital angular momentum, their magnetic and electric dipole moments, and even the strength of the coupling between the ... 08:00: ... Decelerator, where they are slowed down by pulses of radiofrequency electric fields as they travel around the ring. They can then be redirected to a number ... 06:00: ... for long. And that’s particularly true of anti-matter atoms, which are electrically neutral and so are hard to even store using electric and magnetic ... 08:50: ... anti-hydrogen is electrically neutral, it does have a small magnetic moment - like a tiny bar magnet. ... 06:00: ... for long. And that’s particularly true of anti-matter atoms, which are electrically neutral and so are hard to even store using electric and magnetic ... 08:50: ... anti-hydrogen is electrically neutral, it does have a small magnetic moment - like a tiny bar magnet. ALPHA ...
	2020-06-30: Dissolving an Event Horizon 02:22: According to the so-called no-hair theorem, black holes can have only three properties - mass, electric charge, and spin. 04:10: ... presence of electric charge at the central singularity - which point-like in this case - ... 04:28: The more electric charge you drop into a black hole, the larger its inner horizon becomes. 10:15: And there’s an enormous amount of energy in the electric field of all those electrons that you smooshed together into the black hole. 02:22: According to the so-called no-hair theorem, black holes can have only three properties - mass, electric charge, and spin. 04:10: ... presence of electric charge at the central singularity - which point-like in this case - results in ... 04:28: The more electric charge you drop into a black hole, the larger its inner horizon becomes. 10:15: And there’s an enormous amount of energy in the electric field of all those electrons that you smooshed together into the black hole.
	2020-05-18: Mapping the Multiverse 01:16: ... that mass is NOT rotating and does not have any electric charge, the result is a Schwarzschild black hole, which is about as ... 01:53: We sometimes call a rotating black hole with no electric charge a Kerr black hole. 01:16: ... that mass is NOT rotating and does not have any electric charge, the result is a Schwarzschild black hole, which is about as simple as ... 01:53: We sometimes call a rotating black hole with no electric charge a Kerr black hole. 13:13: ... electrically charged, or Reissner-Nordström black holes the electromagnetic field ...
	2020-04-28: Space Time Livestream: Ask Matt Anything 00:00: ... great but it's based on the art this artist Steinman's Stalin hug the electric state and and the vibe of it is the vibe of the electric state it's ...
	2020-03-24: How Black Holes Spin Space Time 01:35: According to the no-hair theorem, black holes can have three and only three properties: mass, electric charge, and spin. 01:44: ... them black holes in the first place. Essentially no black holes have electric charge - if somehow one does acquire charge it would quickly lose it ... 01:35: According to the no-hair theorem, black holes can have three and only three properties: mass, electric charge, and spin. 01:44: ... them black holes in the first place. Essentially no black holes have electric charge - if somehow one does acquire charge it would quickly lose it because it ...
	2020-02-24: How Decoherence Splits The Quantum Multiverse 09:43: ... photon energizes electrons in a pixel on the screen, which results in an electrical signal passing along wires to a computer and eventually into our ... 11:00: Perhaps instead we could use that electrical current to generate a new pair of photons, which could then interfere. 09:43: ... photon energizes electrons in a pixel on the screen, which results in an electrical signal passing along wires to a computer and eventually into our ...
	2020-02-18: Does Consciousness Influence Quantum Mechanics? 04:05: ... second electron begins a cascade - an electrical impulse that travels along circuits to be registered by a computer, ... 04:17: ... via photons to light-sensitive molecules in our retinas, which initiate electrical signals to our visual cortex, and more electrical signals in other parts ... 04:05: ... second electron begins a cascade - an electrical impulse that travels along circuits to be registered by a computer, which ... 04:17: ... via photons to light-sensitive molecules in our retinas, which initiate electrical signals to our visual cortex, and more electrical signals in other parts of the ...
	2020-02-11: Are Axions Dark Matter? 03:02: ... force is CP violating, it’s predicted that the neutron should exhibit an electric field like you’d get from a pair of positive and negative charges - an ... 06:54: ... CP problem quite well. This hypothetical axion particle would have no electric charge, no quantum spin, be extreme ly light - a tiny fraction of the ... 07:53: ... to detect such an elusive particles? Well, even though axions have no electric charge, they can still interact with the electromagnetic field and ... 06:54: ... CP problem quite well. This hypothetical axion particle would have no electric charge, no quantum spin, be extreme ly light - a tiny fraction of the mass of ... 07:53: ... to detect such an elusive particles? Well, even though axions have no electric charge, they can still interact with the electromagnetic field and produce ... 03:02: ... field like you’d get from a pair of positive and negative charges - an electric dipole field. Our very sensitive measurements have found that no such field ...
	2020-01-06: How To Detect a Neutrino 02:58: ♪ ♪ That's possible because, unlike neutrinos, protons have an electric charge. 05:52: ♪ ♪ We charge the sides of the detector, so a giant electric field fills the entire tank. 02:58: ♪ ♪ That's possible because, unlike neutrinos, protons have an electric charge. 05:52: ♪ ♪ We charge the sides of the detector, so a giant electric field fills the entire tank.
	2019-10-07: Black Hole Harmonics 09:44: General relativity predicts that black holes should be completely defined by three properties – their mass, spin, and electric charge. 10:08: ... astrophysical black holes are also expected to have no electric charge, so mass and spin should define everything – including the nature ... 09:44: General relativity predicts that black holes should be completely defined by three properties – their mass, spin, and electric charge. 10:08: ... astrophysical black holes are also expected to have no electric charge, so mass and spin should define everything – including the nature of the ...
	2019-09-16: Could We Terraform Mars? 18:23: Electrical currents are induced and these produce a magnetic field that pushes back against the Sun's magnetic field.
	2019-09-03: Is Earth's Magnetic Field Reversing? 03:15: Alternatively, flows of many charged particles like electrons – so electrical currents - can produce magnetic fields. 03:34: And although the interior is rotating, it’s electrically neutral – so there shouldn’t be an overall electrical current. 05:32: In that motion I just described, electrons and nuclei should all be moving together – so no electrical current. 06:00: That field passes through the liquid outer core, which is an electrical conductor. 06:52: These in turn generate toroidal electrical currents. 08:37: ... no – it depends on the direction of these giant electrical currents, which in turn depend on the direction of small magnetic loops ... 06:00: That field passes through the liquid outer core, which is an electrical conductor. 03:34: And although the interior is rotating, it’s electrically neutral – so there shouldn’t be an overall electrical current. 05:32: In that motion I just described, electrons and nuclei should all be moving together – so no electrical current. 03:15: Alternatively, flows of many charged particles like electrons – so electrical currents - can produce magnetic fields. 06:52: These in turn generate toroidal electrical currents. 08:37: ... no – it depends on the direction of these giant electrical currents, which in turn depend on the direction of small magnetic loops generated ... 03:15: Alternatively, flows of many charged particles like electrons – so electrical currents - can produce magnetic fields. 03:34: And although the interior is rotating, it’s electrically neutral – so there shouldn’t be an overall electrical current.
	2019-08-06: What Caused the Big Bang? 05:45: ... For example, a magnetic field will quickly fade away if we take away the electric currents that created ...
	2019-07-01: Thorium and the Future of Nuclear Energy 02:49: ... compactness and modularity means they could be inserted into the current electrical grid to replace coal or natural gas plants or you know on a Lunar or ...
	2019-06-17: How Black Holes Kill Galaxies 13:47: Even if strange matter is stable as so called "Strangelets" These are electrically neutral, so they don't have an electromagnetic signature.
	2019-05-09: Why Quantum Computing Requires Quantum Cryptography 04:58: Polarization defines the direction that its electric and magnetic fields … wave.
	2019-03-13: Will You Travel to Space? 10:41: ... You've got these beautiful electric buggies here on the islands, they're fun. These would be [RICHARD] ... 07:51: ... supply which is usually a combustible fuel, but could also eventually be electricity. In addition, an air-launch craft can be optimized for the low pressure ...
	2019-01-30: Perpetual Motion From Negative Mass? 03:41: That’s the opposite to electric charge, in which like charges repel and opposite charges attract.
	2019-01-16: Our Antimatter, Mirrored, Time-Reversed Universe 03:02: ... is the C part of cpt charge conjugation all charges switch side electric charge but also quark color charge weak hypercharge etc that's what a ...
	2018-12-20: Why String Theory is Wrong 04:07: Momentum in that loop dimension has the exact behavior of electric charge, with the direction of rotation determining the sign of the charge. 04:17: It was an incredible discovery and a beautiful one. It even made a prediction: the ratio between the mass of the electric charge and the electron. 04:26: Assuming the experimentally measured value for the electric charge, the corresponding electron mass should be around five kilograms? 04:07: Momentum in that loop dimension has the exact behavior of electric charge, with the direction of rotation determining the sign of the charge. 04:17: It was an incredible discovery and a beautiful one. It even made a prediction: the ratio between the mass of the electric charge and the electron. 04:26: Assuming the experimentally measured value for the electric charge, the corresponding electron mass should be around five kilograms?
	2018-12-12: Quantum Physics in a Mirror Universe 00:02: ... discrete symmetries include charge conjugation flipping the sign of the electric charge and time reversal sending the clock ticking backwards we'll come ...
	2018-12-06: Did Life on Earth Come from Space? 00:37: ... outer surface of the International Space Station they suggested rowed electrical currents from the atmosphere below or it came from space probably the ...
	2018-10-18: What are the Strings in String Theory? 07:24: And those modes, in turn, define particle properties like electric charge and spin.
	2018-09-20: Quantum Gravity and the Hardest Problem in Physics 09:33: ... quantum electrodynamics, the electron has a self-interaction due to its electric charge messing with the surrounding electromagnetic ...
	2018-09-05: The Black Hole Entropy Enigma 02:08: From the point of view of the outside universe, black holes can only have three properties-- mass, spin, and electric charge. 04:59: We can easily measure its mass, spin, and electric charge, and according to the no-hair theorem that's all there is to know. 02:08: From the point of view of the outside universe, black holes can only have three properties-- mass, spin, and electric charge. 04:59: We can easily measure its mass, spin, and electric charge, and according to the no-hair theorem that's all there is to know.
	2018-08-15: Quantum Theory's Most Incredible Prediction 03:03: Magnetic fields are produced by moving electric charges. 03:06: ... by charges moving in circles, for example, a loop of wire with an electric current or the planet Earth with its dynamo ... 03:41: ... fields seem intuitive if you think of them as tiny balls of rotating electric charge, except electrons aren't balls and they aren't really ... 03:03: Magnetic fields are produced by moving electric charges. 03:06: ... by charges moving in circles, for example, a loop of wire with an electric current or the planet Earth with its dynamo ...
	2018-08-01: How Close To The Sun Can Humanity Get? 02:29: ... America or in Europe failed, but not before telegraph operators received electric shocks from currents induced by Earth's compressed magnetic ...
	2018-07-11: Quantum Invariance & The Origin of The Standard Model 08:17: We also learned about the origin of electric charge, which we now see as a coupling turn. 08:35: In order to have this particular type of local phase invariance, particles must possess electric charge. 08:48: In this case, the symmetry is local phase invariance and the conserved quantity is electric charge. 09:28: But what about all those fundamental particles without electric charge? 08:17: We also learned about the origin of electric charge, which we now see as a coupling turn. 08:35: In order to have this particular type of local phase invariance, particles must possess electric charge. 08:48: In this case, the symmetry is local phase invariance and the conserved quantity is electric charge. 09:28: But what about all those fundamental particles without electric charge?
	2018-07-04: Will A New Neutrino Change The Standard Model? 02:10: ... going to drop through the standard model of particle physics, electric charge and antimatter, the bizarreness of quantum chirality and the ... 03:02: These have far lower mass, and unlike quarks and leptons, they have no electric charge, hence neutrino or little neutral one. 03:16: An antimatter version of a particle has the same mass and the opposite electric charge. 05:00: Like electric charge, chirality is also reversed in antimatter. 02:10: ... going to drop through the standard model of particle physics, electric charge and antimatter, the bizarreness of quantum chirality and the Higgs ... 03:02: These have far lower mass, and unlike quarks and leptons, they have no electric charge, hence neutrino or little neutral one. 03:16: An antimatter version of a particle has the same mass and the opposite electric charge. 05:00: Like electric charge, chirality is also reversed in antimatter.
	2018-06-20: The Black Hole Information Paradox 01:54: It states that black holes can only exhibit three properties-- mass, electric charge, and angular momentum. 13:03: If you keep injecting charge into a black hole, then it does maintain an electric charge. 13:20: ... electric charge within the black hole produces a negative pressure that actually ... 13:41: ... Blade asks how it can be that the outside of a black hole can feel its electric charge given that the electromagnetic field is communicated by photons ... 13:53: ... we talked about a black hole's electric charge in terms of the classical electromagnetic field which has an ... 01:54: It states that black holes can only exhibit three properties-- mass, electric charge, and angular momentum. 13:03: If you keep injecting charge into a black hole, then it does maintain an electric charge. 13:20: ... electric charge within the black hole produces a negative pressure that actually halts ... 13:41: ... Blade asks how it can be that the outside of a black hole can feel its electric charge given that the electromagnetic field is communicated by photons and ... 13:53: ... we talked about a black hole's electric charge in terms of the classical electromagnetic field which has an existence ...
	2018-06-13: What Survives Inside A Black Hole? 01:09: ... properties are mass, electric charge, and angular momentum, or at least this is the proposition behind ... 01:45: ... at Princeton when he proposed that no other properties besides mass, electric charge, and angular momentum should emerge from beneath the event ... 02:28: ... the material that went into the black hole are its mass-energy content, electric charge, and angular ... 03:06: So how does mass, electric charge, and angular momentum communicate their influence across the uncrossable horizon? 04:53: It's Gauss's law, which applies to both gravitational and electric fields. 05:36: Now, the original Gauss's law actually applies to the electric field. 05:47: ... law for the electric field says that the total electric flux passing through a closed surface ... 06:04: This means that the electric field above the event horizon of a black hole remembers all of the electric charge that fell through that surface. 06:16: If you've studied some introductory physics, you might remember that the gravitational and electric fields have something in common. 07:08: But both Gauss's law and the inverse-square law work because of a key similarity between gravity and the electric field. 07:34: ... content of any region of space are remembered in the gravitational and electric fields on the surface surrounding that ... 07:59: ... material will adjust the black hole's external gravitational and electric fields on its way ... 08:08: By the way, it's worth mentioning that real black holes out there in the universe are never going to have a net electric charge. 08:38: A changing electric field produces a magnetic field. 01:09: ... properties are mass, electric charge, and angular momentum, or at least this is the proposition behind the ... 01:45: ... at Princeton when he proposed that no other properties besides mass, electric charge, and angular momentum should emerge from beneath the event ... 02:28: ... the material that went into the black hole are its mass-energy content, electric charge, and angular ... 03:06: So how does mass, electric charge, and angular momentum communicate their influence across the uncrossable horizon? 06:04: This means that the electric field above the event horizon of a black hole remembers all of the electric charge that fell through that surface. 08:08: By the way, it's worth mentioning that real black holes out there in the universe are never going to have a net electric charge. 05:36: Now, the original Gauss's law actually applies to the electric field. 05:47: ... law for the electric field says that the total electric flux passing through a closed surface ... 06:04: This means that the electric field above the event horizon of a black hole remembers all of the electric charge that fell through that surface. 07:08: But both Gauss's law and the inverse-square law work because of a key similarity between gravity and the electric field. 08:38: A changing electric field produces a magnetic field. 04:53: It's Gauss's law, which applies to both gravitational and electric fields. 06:16: If you've studied some introductory physics, you might remember that the gravitational and electric fields have something in common. 07:34: ... content of any region of space are remembered in the gravitational and electric fields on the surface surrounding that ... 07:59: ... material will adjust the black hole's external gravitational and electric fields on its way ... 05:47: ... law for the electric field says that the total electric flux passing through a closed surface depends on the amount of charge ...
	2018-05-23: Why Quantum Information is Never Destroyed 02:05: For example, we could reverse all electric charges, or we could flip the x-axis by looking in a mirror, or we could make time run backwards. 05:36: ... could mean the wave function of an electron moving in an atom's electric field, or it could mean the wave function of the entire universe in its ... 02:05: For example, we could reverse all electric charges, or we could flip the x-axis by looking in a mirror, or we could make time run backwards. 05:36: ... could mean the wave function of an electron moving in an atom's electric field, or it could mean the wave function of the entire universe in its own ...
	2018-05-16: Noether's Theorem and The Symmetries of Reality 07:31: For example, another conserved quantity in physics is electric charge. 07:54: This symmetry leads to the conservation of electric charge and electric current. 07:31: For example, another conserved quantity in physics is electric charge. 07:54: This symmetry leads to the conservation of electric charge and electric current.
	2018-04-11: The Physics of Life (ft. It's Okay to be Smart & PBS Eons!) 11:38: That emission looks like a straightforward quantum process, analogous to photon emission by an accelerating electric charge.
	2018-01-10: What Do Stars Sound Like? 12:33: As Felix realizes, light is not electrically charged, and so it isn't affected by EM fields.
	2017-10-19: The Nature of Nothing 07:50: Virtual particle-antiparticle pairs in the space between the orbitals and the nucleus align themselves with the electric field.
	2017-09-28: Are the Fundamental Constants Changing? 05:22: They have magnetic fields, just like a little bar magnet, or electric currents rotating in a ring even though there is no actual rotation.
	2017-08-24: First Detection of Life 05:26: Water has a high dielectric constant, which means it's good at storing electrical energy.
	2017-08-10: The One-Electron Universe 03:45: Well, moving charged particles also produce a current-- an electric currents.
	2017-07-26: The Secrets of Feynman Diagrams 02:50: For this to be interesting, the electric and electromagnetic fields need to interact.
	2017-07-19: The Real Star Wars 17:02: So the electric charge, which in turn depends on the fine structure constant.
	2017-07-12: Solving the Impossible in Quantum Field Theory 10:27: ... arise in quantum field theory-- for example, the infinite shielding of electric charge due to virtual particle-anti-particle pairs popping into and out ...
	2017-06-21: Anti-Matter and Quantum Relativity 02:47: For example, an electron's spin causes them to align themselves with magnetic fields, just like a rotating electric charge would. 07:57: It would also act like it had the opposite electric charge to the electron, a positive charge. 02:47: For example, an electron's spin causes them to align themselves with magnetic fields, just like a rotating electric charge would. 07:57: It would also act like it had the opposite electric charge to the electron, a positive charge.
	2017-04-05: Telescopes on the Moon 05:17: Hit by sunlight, tiny regolith particles build up electric charge, and so repel each other into dust fountains in the low lunar gravity. 11:24: One possibility could be in a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, so one with electric charge, but no spin. 11:33: ... electric field in a charged black hole at the singularity is expected to produce ... 05:17: Hit by sunlight, tiny regolith particles build up electric charge, and so repel each other into dust fountains in the low lunar gravity. 11:24: One possibility could be in a Reissner-Nordstrom black hole, so one with electric charge, but no spin. 11:33: ... electric field in a charged black hole at the singularity is expected to produce an ... 05:00: Tiny shards of electrically charged glass-- in other words, moondust.
	2017-03-15: Time Crystals! 04:03: Set up a chain of ions, so electrically charged atoms.
	2017-02-22: The Eye of Sauron Reveals a Forming Solar System! 03:25: The leading formation model is core accretion, in which tiny granules are drawn together and clumped by static electricity.
	2016-12-14: Escape The Kugelblitz Challenge 01:11: The Penrose diagram we looked at represents a Schwarchild black hole-- so no electric charge and no rotation, but also an eternal black hole. 06:04: It would completely absorb the incoming pulse, storing it as a ridiculous amount of electrical energy and the accompanying increase in mass.
	2016-12-08: What Happens at the Event Horizon? 11:13: We'll also come back to what happens if we set the black hole spinning or add some electric charge.
	2016-11-30: Pilot Wave Theory and Quantum Realism 15:06: With their extreme rotation rates, neutron stars support electric currents sufficient for magnetic fields of up to 100 million tesla.
	2016-10-19: The First Humans on Mars 09:36: Black holes exhibit only three properties-- mass, electric charge, and spin.
	2016-09-21: Quantum Entanglement and the Great Bohr-Einstein Debate 08:05: Polarization is just the alignment of a photon's electric and magnetic fields.
	2016-07-06: Juno to Reveal Jupiter's Violent Past 01:52: The conductivity of metallic hydrogen is thought to result in the enormous electric currents that produce Jupiter's prodigious magnetic field.
	2015-12-16: The Higgs Mechanism Explained 04:26: ... like regular electric charge, which lets all electrons feel the electromagnetic force, except ...
	2015-12-09: How to Build a Black Hole 10:24: The black hole retains mass, electric charge, and spin.
	2015-10-07: The Speed of Light is NOT About Light 02:57: And make it an electric monkey. 03:00: Well, magnetism comes from moving electric charges. 03:03: So an electric skater monkey on a rollerblading pony generates a magnetic field, obviously. 03:45: See, there's a velocity-dependent trade-off between the electric and magnetic fields. 03:00: Well, magnetism comes from moving electric charges. 02:57: And make it an electric monkey. 03:03: So an electric skater monkey on a rollerblading pony generates a magnetic field, obviously. 01:52: Fast forward to the 1800s-- top hats, steam trains, and mad experiments to uncover the laws of electricity and magnetism. 08:20: For the laws of electricity and magnetism to work, we need a finite maximum cosmic speed, even without considering light.
	2015-05-20: The Real Meaning of E=mc² 05:37: ... they attract each other, their electric potential energy will drop when they get closer together, just like your ... 07:17: ... energy that electrons and quarks have from interacting with the electric fields that they themselves produce, or in the case of quarks, also with ... 05:37: ... they attract each other, their electric potential energy will drop when they get closer together, just like your ...
	2015-05-13: 9 NASA Technologies Shaping YOUR Future 01:15: ... that hitting the ear with just the right vibrations could sync up the electrical signals going to the brain from the auditory system and from the ... 02:45: The ones that feed the rockets fuel and electricity through these fat umbilical cables?

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